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SPRY1 deficiency in skin cells causes stem cells to move to the skin surface, leading to increased pigmentation.

Hair graying is caused by the loss of pigment cells due to poor maintenance of stem cells in the hair follicle.

This study found that non-pigmented hair follicles have significantly lower expression of nucleotide excision repair genes, which may be associated with reduced melanin production capacity in these follicles.

This study found that segmented heterochromic scalp hair associated with iron-deficiency anemia in a teenage girl completely recovered following iron supplementation, suggesting a role for iron in hair pigment production.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause skin darkening and increased blood vessels, but treatment can improve symptoms.

This study developed a hydrogel microneedle system combining ginseng-derived exosomes and biomimetic nanoparticles to address oxidative stress, inflammation, and melanocyte deficiency in vitiligo, showing significant repigmentation in mice within 3 weeks by enhancing melanocyte protection and keratinocyte proliferation.

This review discusses the role of zinc in skin physiology related to vitiligo and reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize its potential in pathogenesis and treatment.

This study examined the factors contributing to gray hair, such as genetics and lifestyle, and found that while graying correlates with some health conditions, it is primarily a physiological process rather than a pathological one.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of melasma, including genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors, and highlights potential avenues for new treatments and preventive strategies, but reports no new experimental findings.

Hair follicle stem cells have significant potential for treating various disorders.

This study found that cathepsin L deficiency in mice led to significant abnormalities in hair follicle development and cycling, including disrupted hair shaft outgrowth and premature hair growth phase entry.

In this study, Dguok deficiency in mice led to premature hair greying due to a loss of melanocyte stem cells and mature melanocytes, with increased oxidative stress and cell death; treatment with an antioxidant mitigated these effects, suggesting DGUOK's importance in hair pigmentation maintenance.

This review discusses the roles of KIT and mast cells in skin physiology and pathology using different genetic models and reports no new clinical results; the authors suggest further exploration of KIT deficiency.

This study found that mitochondrial fusion regulator Opa1 is crucial for maintaining melanocyte stem cells during the hair follicle cycle in mice, with Opa1 deficiency leading to impaired SCF-KIT signaling, reduced melanocyte populations, and early hair graying.

This study found that Runx3 deficiency in mice affects hair type and shape, suggesting it may regulate hair formation through interactions between dermal and epidermal layers.

This study found that the ACTH/MC2R system is important for hair cycle regulation, with deficiencies in MC2R leading to altered hair growth phases in mice.

In this study, Tanimura et al. reported that loss of collagen XVII in mice leads to hair loss and pigmentation defects, potentially due to impaired TGF-beta signaling affecting melanocyte stem cell maintenance.

This study observed that overexpression of Bcl-2 in certain transgenic mice accelerates catagen progression and increases hair follicle apoptosis and alopecia, while Bcl-2 deficient mice show delayed hair growth and pigmentation changes.

This review discusses melanocytes' role in pigmentation, their clinical significance in conditions like vitiligo and hair graying, and highlights current research on hair follicle regeneration without reporting new clinical results.

This study found that integrin-linked kinase is crucial for various epidermal functions, including differentiation and barrier formation, and also plays a previously unreported role in melanocyte development and function.

Premature graying of hair is mainly caused by genetics, stress, and environment, with potential treatments being explored.

This study found that Notch signaling is crucial for maintaining proper melanocyte distribution and preventing premature differentiation in the melanocyte lineage within hair follicles.

In this study, targeted inactivation of the integrin-linked kinase gene in melanoblasts led to defects in cell migration, proliferation, and ability to populate the skin, implicating an integrin-linked kinase-Rac1 connection in melanocyte function.

This study found that Wnt ligands from CD133-positive dermal papilla cells are essential for maintaining hair growth by supporting cell signaling between different hair follicle structures.

This review discusses new research on the role of retinoids in skin and hair health and reports no clinical results.

In this study, plasma levels of MSH and cortisol in patients with alopecia areata did not show significant changes compared to healthy controls.

This review explores the role of oxidative stress and stem cell decline in hair graying, suggesting potential areas for future research but reports no new findings.

In this study, inactivating the TAF4 subunit of transcription factor TFIID in mouse epidermis disrupted gene expression linked to skin and hair function, and increased tumor risk.

This study found that dual inhibition of BACE1 and BACE2 in mice affects melanosome maturation and causes dose-dependent hair depigmentation without altering retinal morphology.

This study found that rice bran ash extract and orthosilicic acid both increased melanin synthesis and related protein expression in melanocytes, suggesting potential therapeutic use for melanin deficiency.