92 citations,
November 2006 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” BMP signaling controls hair follicle size and cell growth by affecting cell cycle genes.
25 citations,
March 2002 in “Scanning” Confocal microscopy is better than scanning electron microscopy for studying hair in its natural state and understanding hair products' effects.
117 citations,
August 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” Human hair's strength and flexibility vary by ethnicity, damage, and treatment.
100 citations,
December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.
65 citations,
September 2014 in “BMC genomics” Different hair types in mammals are linked to variations in specific protein genes, with changes influenced by their living environments.
51 citations,
August 2013 in “The Journal of experimental medicine/The journal of experimental medicine” Loss of a specific protein in skin cells causes symptoms similar to psoriasis.
13 citations,
April 2018 in “Scientific Reports” The genes KRT25 and SP6 affect curly hair in horses, with KRT25 also causing hair loss. If both genes are mutated, the horse gets curly hair and hair loss. KRT25 can hide the effect of SP6.
4 citations,
January 2019 in “Micron” Fetal hair follicles have melanocytes with melanosomes at different stages, which are broken down into pigment particles in keratinocytes.
January 2023 in “Karger Kompass. Dermatologie” Scientists are still unsure what triggers the immune system to attack hair follicles in Alopecia areata.
1 citations,
September 2018 in “International journal of research - granthaalayah” Human hair medulla doesn't break down hydrogen peroxide, which may affect hair color formation.
1 citations,
April 2018 in “PubMed” The medulla in Asian scalp hair has a tubular structure that allows ions and large molecules to flow through it.
3 citations,
July 2019 in “Fibers And Polymers/Fibers and polymers” 19 citations,
July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.
1 citations,
January 2007 in “AIP conference proceedings” High-resolution x-ray images showed three main structures in human hair: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
July 2016 in “Indian journal of science and technology” Neonate scalp hair is thinner, lacks a medulla, and has smaller follicles compared to adult hair.
17 citations,
July 2014 in “Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine” Abnormal cuticle and hair shaft medulla cause hair loss in androgenetic alopecia; sonography helps diagnose and manage it.
65 citations,
July 2006 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The gene Foxq1, controlled by Hoxc13, is crucial for hair follicle differentiation.
42 citations,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
20 citations,
January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” Chemical treatments and daily stresses damage hair, especially the cuticle layer.
18 citations,
August 2014 in “Lipids” Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.
16 citations,
October 1992 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” Bubble hair deformity may be caused by hair shaft trauma and can improve with gentle hair care.
15 citations,
August 2020 in “Analytical chemistry” Hair lipids do not protect against humidity.
15 citations,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
12 citations,
February 2019 in “Skin research and technology” White hair has less lipid content and absorbs water differently than brown hair.
9 citations,
July 2014 in “Skin research and technology” Stretching damages Caucasian hair's structure more easily than Asian hair.
9 citations,
January 1989 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Wool and hair fibers absorb moisture similarly due to their keratin structure, with the amount of non-crystalline areas affecting the moisture uptake.
8 citations,
February 2022 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Lipids are crucial for healthy hair, protecting it from damage and breakage.
4 citations,
January 2016 in “Skin research and technology” Oxidative hair dye changes hair color and structure but doesn't weaken it.
3 citations,
April 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” A more sensitive assay was developed to detect enzyme activity converting arginine to citrulline in hair follicles.
3 citations,
July 2012 in “Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences” As sheep age, their hair fibers and follicles grow larger and more organized, with no significant differences between males and females.