June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This narrative review from the authors discusses mechanical scalp stimulation as a potential treatment for androgenetic alopecia, suggesting it has a biologically plausible mechanism but immature clinical evidence; marketing of these devices currently outpaces their supporting data, indicating a need for better-controlled trials.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This narrative review suggests that while mechanical scalp stimulation has a plausible mechanism for aiding androgenetic alopecia, its clinical evidence is insufficient, and the marketing of stimulation devices currently outpaces their efficacy data.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This paper introduces the Vertex Overload Framework for androgenetic alopecia, suggesting that chronic mechanical and thermal stress on the vertex contributes to hair follicle miniaturization, with androgens acting as co-mediators of stress adaptation rather than isolated causes.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study offers a new perspective on androgenetic alopecia, suggesting that hair loss at the vertex and frontal scalp results from mechanical and thermodynamic stress, alongside androgen activity, and proposes that reducing mechanical tension and improving local microcirculation could complement traditional treatments.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Mechanical tension worsens keloid scars by activating inflammation and fibrosis pathways.
65 citations
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March 2018 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This review discusses the role of mechanical forces in skin homeostasis and disease development, including their impact on conditions like keloids, androgenetic alopecia, and acral melanoma, and reports no clinical results; the authors propose modifying these forces as a potential therapeutic strategy.
10 citations
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January 2015 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study suggests that mechanical stress may influence androgenic alopecia patterning through a stretch-induced and androgen-mediated mechanotransduction mechanism in dermal papilla cells.
113 citations
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June 2019 in “F1000Research” This review discusses the mechanisms of wound healing and excessive scarring, highlighting the importance of understanding these processes for developing new therapies to prevent fibrotic scarring in large skin wounds.
29 citations
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September 1989 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article describes cases of unusual scalp whorl patterns, including triple parietal and right temporal whorls, that were associated with normal development, and discusses theories of hair whorl development.
January 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, researchers observed that after mesenchymal cell division in mouse and chicken embryonic skin, elevated migration speed and persistence for 180 minutes contribute to mesenchymal dispersal and preferential recruitment to dermal condensates.
November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that STRIP1 and the STRIPAK complex play a key role in regulating F-actin and cell-cell junctions, which are essential for maintaining the epidermal barrier in mouse skin.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that mechanical tension significantly impacts lymphocyte function, and that a complete lymphocyte population is essential for effective wound healing and reducing inflammation.
7 citations
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June 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” This study presented a case series of erosive pustular dermatosis on the scalps of elderly patients, noting unusual presentation with hypergranulation tissue and unique dermoscopic vascular patterns, diverging from typical manifestations.
July 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” This chapter reviews traction alopecia, discusses its clinical presentation and severity grading, and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight controversies in its treatment and prevention strategies.
January 2026 in “MEDS Clinical Medicine” This review highlights emerging evidence that biophysical and metabolic cues, such as oxygen levels and tissue mechanics, significantly influence skin stem cell behavior, which is crucial for developing advanced wound healing therapies beyond traditional infection and inflammation control.
4 citations
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November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that filamin A plays a crucial role in fibroblasts' ability to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, significantly affecting wound closure and fibroblast-mediated processes in mice.
54 citations
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May 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses recent advances in scarless wound healing research, focusing on the roles of mechanobiology and immunology, and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight the potential of next-generation human skin equivalents in understanding these mechanisms.
September 2015 in “The European physical journal. E, Soft matter and biological physics/The European physical journal. E, Soft matter” In this study, a mechanical model was developed to describe and validate the effectiveness of overnight hair curling, suggesting that combining it with hair fixatives can maintain a desired curl for over a day.
2 citations
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May 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that large excisional wounds in mice can regenerate new hair follicles and fat, whereas similar wounds in rats across seven strains failed to do so, highlighting interspecies differences in regenerative capacity.
1 citations
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January 2010 in “Biological and medical physics series” This review discusses past research on the chemical and physical properties of human hair, focusing on structural analysis and mechanical property measurements with methods like SEM and tension tests, but adds no new findings.
This review highlights that surface mechanical regulation can program macrophage behavior through specific mechanical cues on material surfaces, potentially advancing immunotherapies and regenerative medicine by enabling precise control over macrophage functions.
7 citations
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October 2020 in “Science and Innovations in Medicine” This review discusses how fibroblast metabolic processes and life span are influenced by the malate dehydrogenase shuttle system and highlights factors affecting fibroblast proliferative activity, without presenting new experimental results.
June 2026 in “Preprints.org” This review examines the mechanisms behind pathological scarring like hypertrophic scars and keloids, highlights the limitations of current treatments, and suggests that biomaterial-enabled delivery of anti-fibrotic statins, such as atorvastatin, may offer a promising therapeutic avenue for managing these scars.
42 citations
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April 2008 in “Acta materialia” This study investigated the tensile response and morphological changes of different ethnic hair types using AFM, showing variations between virgin, chemically damaged, and conditioner-treated Caucasian hair under different conditions.
62 citations
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February 2016 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” This study found that 3D microtissue models of dermal papilla cells can enhance the ability to induce hair-follicle neogenesis in vivo, offering potential for controlled cell production in follicle regeneration.
3 citations
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January 2021 in “Wear” This study presents a new method for evaluating cosmetic treatments by measuring the resistance of hair to mechanical wear, revealing differences related to hair ethnicity and treatment type.
163 citations
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April 2019 in “Nature Communications” This study found that mechanical skin stretching can stimulate hair stem cell proliferation and hair regeneration by activating a complex pathway involving WNT, BMP-2, and M2 macrophages.
43 citations
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December 2013 in “Stem Cells” Stretching skin increases a certain protein that attracts stem cells, helping skin regeneration.
September 2023 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” This case series reports successful treatment of refractory folliculitis decalvans using surgical excision with second-intention healing and guarded high-tension suturing, resulting in long-term remission without recurrence over a 10–24 month follow-up period.
January 2024 in “Seven Editora eBooks” This paper reviews various techniques for measuring the physical and mechanical properties of human hair fibers, emphasizing their importance in developing effective cosmetic products.