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Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.

No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.

Understanding genes and hormones is crucial for managing male puberty and sex development disorders.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.

Addressing underrepresentation in Parkinson's research is crucial for better treatments and understanding.

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Ralph Jackson significantly advanced dialysis technology in the UK.

The conclusion is that certain surgeries can help people with gender dysphoria look more like their true gender and feel better.

Injectables can feminize or masculinize a transgender person's face, but more research is needed for best practices.

Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.

Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.

Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.

Masculinizing hormone therapy increases the risk of hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse patients.

Transgender patients on masculinizing hormones have higher hair loss rates than cisgender women.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy changes hair growth in transgender people, with feminizing therapy reducing hair and masculinizing therapy increasing it, but sometimes additional treatment is needed.

Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.

Transgender and nonbinary individuals experience hair loss, with transmen on testosterone seeing more severe hair loss, while feminizing hormones may stabilize hair loss in transwomen.

The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.

Hormone therapy increases facial and body hair in transgender men, while hair removal improves well-being in transgender women, but cost is a barrier as insurance often doesn't cover it. Dermatologists can use various treatments for these hair issues.

The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.

Feminizing hormone therapy increases kidney filtration rate.

Most transgender patients getting laser hair removal before gender-affirming surgery are already on hormone therapy, which might affect the hair removal process.

Transgender patients on hormone therapy experience more acne and hair loss, but less skin inflammation.

Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.

The document concludes that gender-affirming treatments are essential for transgender individuals and outlines safe hormone therapy practices.

Dermatologists are essential in helping transgender and gender diverse patients with skin and hair issues related to gender affirmation and hormone therapy.

Significant facial gender transformation requires surgery, not nonsurgical methods.