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Exosomes from special stem cells help treat ulcerative colitis by reducing inflammation and stress.

Thymosin beta 4 protects cells from damage by blocking a harmful microRNA and boosting a protective gene.

The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Vitiligo is a skin condition causing white spots, more common in women, often starts before age 20, and can affect mental health.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

The modified Ferriman-Gallwey method is a useful tool for diagnosing hirsutism.

Treatments that reduce oxidative stress and fix mitochondrial problems may help heal chronic wounds.

The document concludes that mouse models are helpful but have limitations for skin wound healing research, and suggests using larger animals and genetically modified mice for better human application.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Melanocyte stem cells in hair follicles are key for hair color and could help treat greying and pigment disorders.

Some patients taking finasteride or dutasteride may have ongoing sexual problems and depression even after stopping the medication.

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

Epigenetic changes control how adult stem cells work and can lead to diseases like cancer if they go wrong.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.

Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

Some skin medications are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but others can harm the baby and should be avoided.

Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

PRP treatment improves hair growth, and the device used can affect results, with some being more effective.

Macrophages help heal nerves by aiding the maturation of Schwann cells and are important for nerve repair.