88 citations,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
33 citations,
May 2016 in “Translational andrology and urology” Laser hair removal before genital surgery can prevent complications and improve patient satisfaction.
37 citations,
February 2013 in “Maturitas” Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.
23 citations,
January 2019 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride improves hair growth and reduces hirsutism in women, but side effects and optimal dosages need further research.
10 citations,
August 2020 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.
17 citations,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
16 citations,
April 2012 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Older obese women with PCOS have higher cardiovascular and metabolic risks despite lower androgen levels.
39 citations,
October 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Injectables can feminize or masculinize a transgender person's face, but more research is needed for best practices.
27 citations,
April 2013 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.
May 2023 in “BMC Women's Health” Many women who have used performance-enhancing drugs in Finland show high rates of mental health and substance use issues, and most have normal red blood cell counts.
10 citations,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
15 citations,
December 2019 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.
19 citations,
May 2020 in “American journal of men's health” Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.
April 2024 in “Surgical Techniques Development” The 11th AICPE Congress in Rimini was a major event in European aesthetic plastic surgery.
January 2024 in “Journal of lipid research” Finasteride may lower cholesterol and slow heart disease progression.
12 citations,
March 2017 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.
1 citations,
April 2024 in “Archives of disease in childhood” Many children and teens referred to gender services receive hormone treatments, but more research is needed on their long-term care and outcomes.
September 2023 in “Fides et Ratio” The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
4 citations,
January 2023 in “Journal of Human Hypertension” Women experience more side effects and have worse blood pressure control from hypertension treatments than men, despite using different medications.
July 2024 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Finasteride and dutasteride do not significantly change beard thickness in men.
3 citations,
September 2018 in “Hair transplant forum international” SHA lowers the hairline quickly and patients are usually happy with the results if they are good candidates.
19 citations,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.
19 citations,
December 2021 in “Cureus” Proxalutamide improved recovery, lowered death rates, and reduced hospital stay for COVID-19 patients.
32 citations,
November 2012 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Hair restoration surgery has advanced, focusing on natural results and may improve further with new techniques and therapies.
1 citations,
November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
134 citations,
June 2012 in “International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery” Facial feminization surgery is effective in helping transgender women appear more feminine and has high patient satisfaction.
November 2017 in “Reactions Weekly” Testosterone undecanoate caused hair loss; finasteride improved it but caused stomach issues for one patient.
September 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” The document summarized various dermatology studies and case reports.
40 citations,
November 2011 in “American Journal of Human Biology” Stress from being transgender is linked to higher blood pressure at night and more inflammation, which may affect heart health.