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Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

Finasteride exposure harms tadpole reproduction and hormone balance.

New compounds show promise for treating hair loss, enlarged prostate, and prostate cancer, with some being more effective and having different side effects than current treatments.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, improves urinary flow, but may cause sexual side effects.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

The document concluded that FDA-approved treatments like minoxidil and finasteride are effective for hair loss, while the effectiveness of natural remedies and other non-approved treatments is not well-supported by evidence.

Hormonal treatments can help with acne but are not the first choice due to side effects and the need for careful patient selection.

Diet changes hormone levels in pregnant ewes by affecting metabolism, not placental synthesis.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.

Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.

The human type II 5α-reductase gene has a specific structure important for understanding certain medical conditions.

Diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be difficult and requires thorough testing and expert advice.

Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.

A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.

GnRH analogues are effective for diagnosing and treating female androgen excess, offering a non-surgical option.

Diabetes can lead to blindness and skin problems, and managing blood sugar and blood pressure is crucial to prevent these complications.

New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.

High androgen levels in postmenopausal women may suggest an ovarian tumor, and removing it can improve heart and metabolic health.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.

Certain genes and X chromosome patterns may significantly contribute to the development of hair loss.

Most American men experience hair loss by age 50, with limited effective treatments available and new options not expected soon.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

PNU157706 reduced rat sperm movement and fertility without affecting offspring health.

PCOS symptoms change with age; younger women have higher androgen levels and less metabolic issues, while older women face more metabolic challenges despite milder PCOS symptoms.

A baby with a skin condition improved with treatment but developed a rare form of the condition affecting only his trunk.

A man had a large, rare cyst in his mouth removed after 10 years, which fixed his swallowing and breathing problems.

A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.

Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.