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Using buccal mucosa for hypospadias repair in children is effective and reduces complications.

Healthcare providers need better understanding and cultural sensitivity to improve care for transgender patients with kidney failure needing transplants.

Women with excess body hair feel psychological distress influenced by societal beauty standards, but distress isn't directly linked to the amount of hair.

Hair loss in women may have causes other than hormones.

Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.

Antiandrogen therapy helps treat genetic hair loss.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Too much androgen can cause hair loss; finasteride may help.

Pregnancy can cause skin darkening, varicose veins, more sweating, hair growth, hair loss after birth, nail changes, and gum inflammation.

Finasteride effectively blocks rat enzymes, but with varying methods and strength.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Pregnancy often causes skin changes like darkening, stretch marks, and hair growth, which may improve after childbirth.

Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

HIV can cause various severe or unusual skin conditions that help indicate the presence and stage of the disease.

The document concludes that more research is needed to understand excessive hair growth in women with normal hormone levels and regular ovulation.

Skin symptoms are important for diagnosing and managing juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and usually get better with treatment.

The exact cause of increased 5α-reductase activity leading to hirsutism in women is still unknown.

Certain defective glucocorticoid receptor mutants move faster inside cell nuclei and work less effectively.

Finasteride irreversibly affects human steroid 5α-reductase 2, providing insight into its catalytic mechanism and disease-related mutations.

The document concludes that managing hirsutism involves identifying the cause, using a scoring system for severity, combining cosmetic and medical treatments, encouraging weight loss, and providing psychological support, while noting the need for more research on drug treatments.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and combined treatments are key for hirsutism management, and weight loss may help overweight patients.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, affecting sexual development.

Some diseases can improve the outcomes of other diseases, leading to new treatment possibilities.

The new progesterone derivatives effectively inhibit 5α-reductase and bind to the androgen receptor.

Curcumin and its derivatives can block an enzyme important for making testosterone, with one derivative being particularly strong.

Finasteride side effects in young men may be linked to specific gene variations.

Hair loss in women can be slowed with treatment, but more research needed for better solutions.

The document explains that hirsutism, often caused by hormonal issues, can be managed with treatment to improve both physical appearance and mental health.

The main enzyme found in pubic skin that could be targeted to treat excessive hair growth is 5 alpha-R2.