January 2025 in “Fìzìologìčnij žurnal” This study found that in patients with elevated fibrinogen levels undergoing revision rhinoplasty, PDRN decreased M1 cytokines and increased M2 cytokines, potentially offering a new therapeutic approach, but further research is needed to understand its mechanisms and effects fully.
December 2025 in “Regenerative Biomaterials” In this study, researchers developed a responsive bilayer hydrogel for diabetic wounds that delivers drugs and oxygen in sync with healing stages, achieving a 99.1% wound closure rate in 14 days by integrating anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-fouling functions.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Schwann cell and M2 macrophage interactions contribute to keloid growth by increasing matrix deposition.
January 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This study suggests that DcR3 can reprogram macrophages towards a reparative state, enhancing wound healing and hair follicle regeneration, making it a potential target for treating chronic wounds and alopecia.
April 2024 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” The researchers reported that sulfated chitosan-containing sponges can modulate macrophage activity in diabetic wounds, reducing inflammation and promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, which may enhance wound healing outcomes.
22 citations
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August 2021 in “Frontiers in medicine” This study found that monocytes/macrophages with a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.
228 citations
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June 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses the role of macrophages in chronic wound healing and suggests that understanding their regulation can inform therapeutic approaches, but it reports no new results.
44 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of Translational Medicine” This study found that macrophages are crucial for skin regeneration during tissue expansion, as their depletion in rats led to inhibited skin growth and reduced secretion of key growth factors.
6 citations
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April 2025 in “Plastic and Aesthetic Research” This review highlights that biomaterial properties can be designed to modulate macrophage activity, potentially reducing foreign body responses and enhancing tissue healing in regenerative medicine.
254 citations
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March 2023 in “Advanced Science” This study developed an all-natural hydrogel that promotes diabetic wound healing by converting pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in a simple and biosafe manner.
17 citations
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May 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review explores recent advances in inflammation resolution and considers how macrophage reprogramming might help address severe COVID-19 outcomes, particularly those involving cytokine storms, but it reports no new experimental results.
July 2025 in “Nano Research” This article discusses how designing biomaterials to modulate immune responses has become a promising strategy for enhancing tissue repair and regeneration.
January 2026 in “Food Science and Human Wellness” This study found that oral administration of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide reduced tumor volume and improved survival in mice by modulating macrophage polarization and enhancing antitumor immune responses.
2 citations
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April 2023 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study found that small extracellular vesicles derived from human adipose tissue could promote soft tissue regeneration and increase M2 macrophage polarization, suggesting a promising cell-free approach to tissue repair.
41 citations
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September 2017 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” This study found that the DexIEME hydrogel promotes complete skin regeneration and scar attenuation in murine and porcine models, suggesting potential for treating deep dermal injuries.
January 2026 in “Burns & Trauma” This study reported that NLRP3 plays complex roles in wound healing by initially promoting inflammation and delaying repair, but later enhancing structural restoration through distinct signaling pathways, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for controlling inflammation and regeneration phases.
40 citations
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March 2022 in “Small” In an animal model, this study found that PEG hydrogels delivering M2 macrophage-derived exosomes effectively promoted M1 to M2 macrophage transition and enhanced wound healing.
20 citations
,
January 2022 in “Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity” This study found that intrinsic reactive oxygen species drive the hair follicle cycle progression through DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, and macrophage polarization, influencing hair loss and regeneration dynamics in mice.
18 citations
,
December 2021 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” This study found that nanofibers combining a polydopamine coating and curcumin nanocrystals were effective in treating diabetic wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by providing sequential photothermal antibacterial action and promoting M2 macrophage polarization, which accelerated wound healing through enhanced angiogenesis and cell proliferation.
June 2024 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” This study reports that beta-glucan hybrid hydrogels, reinforced with laponite nanoclay, showed promising results in rat models for managing hemorrhage and diabetic wound healing by enhancing hemostasis, reducing inflammation, and promoting faster wound closure and tissue regeneration.
6 citations
,
January 2016 in “Open journal of regenerative medicine” This study found that macrophages treated with keratin in vitro were more similar to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and reduced astrocyte reactivity, potentially limiting secondary inflammatory damage after spinal cord injury.
3 citations
,
June 2023 in “Nano today” This study reported that bioinks containing calcium molybdate nanoparticles and dermal papilla cells can promote hair regrowth in vivo by creating an anti-inflammatory environment and activating the mTOR signaling pathway in macrophages.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that injecting nu/nu mice with aqueous dispersion of unmodified fullerene C60 significantly stimulated hair growth compared to controls, suggesting its potential as a new therapeutic approach for alopecia.
17 citations
,
June 2018 in “Frontiers in Physiology” This study found that acellular dermal matrix scaffolds may facilitate full-thickness skin wound healing by promoting a pro-regenerative immune response through M2 macrophage polarization via the Lamtor1 pathway.
44 citations
,
March 2015 in “PLOS ONE” This study found that FGF-9 treatment in diabetic mice improved heart function after myocardial infarction by decreasing monocyte infiltration and promoting anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation.
163 citations
,
April 2019 in “Nature Communications” This study found that mechanical skin stretching can stimulate hair stem cell proliferation and hair regeneration by activating a complex pathway involving WNT, BMP-2, and M2 macrophages.
161 citations
,
August 2013 in “Journal of experimental botany” This study found that specific ATP-competitive TOR inhibitors (asTORis) decrease root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana in a dose-dependent manner, similar to their effects on mammalian cells.
3 citations
,
June 2025 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” This study using a mouse model reports that CuATSM treatment accelerates skin wound healing and reduces scar formation, with effects possibly mediated via the ferroptosis-induced Hippo/YAP signaling pathway and macrophage polarization, suggesting CuATSM as a potential therapy for scarless wound healing in clinical settings.
13 citations
,
February 2023 in “Pharmaceutics” This review outlines strategies for regulating macrophage response using bioactive materials to enhance wound healing, focusing on extracellular matrix-based scaffolds and nanofibrous composites, but reports no new clinical results.
April 2025 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This research explores the potential of Gel-SHP hydrogels in tissue regeneration, suggesting they could contribute to new methodologies and understanding in wound healing and dermal shell formation, but results are not detailed.