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The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

FPHL affects hair density and diameter, causing visible hair loss in older women.

Tofacitinib is safe and effective for severe alopecia areata, but hair loss may return 2 months after stopping treatment.

Guidelines suggest various treatments for alopecia areata, but leaving it untreated is also an option as 80% cases may recover on their own.

Artificial skin development has challenges, but new materials and understanding cell behavior could improve tissue repair. Also, certain growth factors and hydrogel technology show promise for advanced skin replacement therapies.

Finasteride effectively treats frontal hair loss with few side effects.

Certain mutations in a hair growth-related gene cause a type of genetic hair loss.

Oral antiandrogens effectively treat female hair loss, with better results in higher hair loss grades.

Fibrinogen/LDL apheresis may improve speech perception in sudden hearing loss, especially for those with high fibrinogen and LDL levels.

Transplantation is effective for stable leucoderma but not for progressive, widespread vitiligo vulgaris.

PRP injections increase hair density and satisfaction in androgenetic alopecia patients.

Alopecia areata is caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles.

Cosmetic hair treatments like bleaching and dyeing reduce drug levels in hair samples.

Accurate diagnosis and effective oral treatment are key to managing tinea capitis and preventing its spread.

Budesonide is not effective for maintaining remission in Crohn's disease beyond three months.

A new mutation in the Connexin 26 gene was found in a patient with KID syndrome, expanding the known disorders linked to this gene.

Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.

Cantú syndrome is caused by mutations in the ABCC9 gene.

Memory regulatory T cells need IL-7, not IL-2, to stay in peripheral tissues.

Vitamin D and its receptor are crucial for bone health and can be influenced by certain fats and curcumin.

Acitretin is effective for severe skin conditions but has significant side effects and requires careful monitoring.

Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).

Damage to skin releases dsRNA, which activates TLR3 and helps in skin and hair follicle regeneration.

Coal tar shampoos, salicylic acid, and topical corticosteroids are effective for scalp psoriasis, with Vitamin D3 analogues also showing benefits; severe cases may require stronger medication with more risks.

Surgery is the main treatment for liver hydatidosis, but has risks; albendazole is the most effective drug but can have side effects.

Beard hair follicles have more androgen receptors than non-balding scalp hair follicles.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.

Flutamide rarely causes liver toxicity in prostate cancer patients.

Foals with Rhodococcus equi infection often have other health problems that lower their chances of survival.