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Some women with PCOS have CYP21 mutations and IRS1 variants, but these genetic factors are not major contributors to PCOS.

Minoxidil may cause heart issues in animals and humans.

An 11-month-old boy with Menkes disease had severe brain shrinkage and abnormal blood vessels, and didn't respond well to treatment.

Interferon gamma alone can't cause alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice.

Higher DHT in male baldness may protect against prostate cancer.

Caesalpinia bonduc seed extracts may help treat enlarged prostate in rats.

Retinoids are effective for various skin conditions and hair loss but have serious side effects, so low doses are recommended.

Menopause often leads to lower sexual desire and discomfort during sex, but treatment should be personalized and only if it bothers the woman.

Ethosomes are a promising way to deliver drugs through the skin.

Vitamin D is linked to hair health, but more research is needed for its use in treating female hair loss.

Premature greying of hair affects the social lives of medical students but not their self-esteem.

Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.

Antiepileptic drugs can cause cosmetic side effects and affect menstrual cycles, fertility, and bone health in women with epilepsy.

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) greatly lowers quality of life, causing stress and low self-esteem, with those seeking treatment experiencing more impairment.

FPHL affects hair density and diameter, causing visible hair loss in older women.

Hair loss common in Australia; men affected earlier, more often than Asians; women less concerned.

Insulin sensitizers may slightly reduce hirsutism but are less effective than other treatments.

Vervet monkeys show physical changes like hair loss and scrotal color changes due to stress or nutrition issues.

SHBG may be a useful early indicator and treatment target for PCOS.

Some drugs may reduce prostatitis symptoms short-term with few side effects.

New methods to improve the healing abilities of mesenchymal stem cells for disease treatment are promising but need more research.

Finasteride caused long-term sexual and non-sexual side effects in young men with hair loss.

A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.

Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.

Researchers developed a mouse model that successfully mimics the bladder damage seen in humans after radiation therapy.

Certain medications and maintaining adequate iron levels can help manage women's hair loss.

Future osteoporosis treatments should focus on increasing bone growth, with many promising options available.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Coating surfaces with human hair keratin improves the growth and consistency of important stem cells for medical use.

Older rats more affected by minoxidil's cardiotoxic effects than younger rats.