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Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Basal cell carcinoma mostly starts from cells in the upper skin layers, not hair follicle stem cells.

Some drugs can cause rare but potentially deadly skin reactions, and early treatment and avoiding the drug again are key.

Finasteride safely lowers DHT levels without affecting testosterone.

Lupus affects the body and skin, causing joint pain and skin issues that can be treated with steroids and antimalarial drugs.

Dextran sulfate was found to be toxic and ineffective for treating HIV.

Taxane chemotherapy can cause skin, hair, and nail side effects, which are often under-reported and can affect patient quality of life.

Allergic reactions to blood thinners are rare but can be serious, requiring careful testing and alternative treatments.

Macrophages help regrow hair by activating stem cells using AKT/β-catenin and TNF.

Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.

Restoring hair bulb immune privilege is crucial for managing alopecia areata.

Finasteride effectively treats hidradenitis suppurativa for most patients.

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

Effective hair loss treatment in women requires correct diagnosis and can include medications like minoxidil, antiandrogens, and treatments for underlying conditions like PCOS.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.

Some heart drugs show promise for other conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

Both mouse and rat models are effective for testing alopecia areata treatments.

Cyclosporin is effective for treating skin conditions in small animals, but requires careful dosing and monitoring for side effects.

Antiandrogens, particularly flutamide and CPA, are most effective for treating hirsutism, with long-term use needed for best results.

Some medications can cause hair loss, but stopping the drug usually leads to recovery within 3 months.

UVB radiation harms hair growth and health, causing cell death and other changes in human hair follicles.

Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.

Cannabinoids may help treat chronic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

Non-ablative and ablative fractional lasers helped hair growth in some cases without major side effects, but didn't work for all hair disorders.

Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.

Oral minoxidil effectively reduces hair shedding in women with CTE, with no major side effects.

Genotyping for NUDT15 p.Arg139Cys can help predict thiopurine side effects in Japanese IBD patients.