54 citations,
July 2002 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” DHT, a testosterone byproduct, causes male pattern baldness.
6 citations,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
6 citations,
September 1998 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone replacement may help postmenopausal women with sexual function and bone density, but suitable treatments are limited.
658 citations,
June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
467 citations,
October 2014 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.
19 citations,
May 2020 in “American journal of men's health” Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.
18 citations,
May 1992 in “American Journal of Biological Anthropology” Higher androgen levels do not cause baldness in men.
5 citations,
March 2015 in “Women's Health” The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS requires a thorough approach, considering various symptoms and risks, and calls for improved methods to identify PCOS types and prevent diabetes.
1 citations,
June 2012 in “Springer eBooks” Acupuncture may improve reproductive and metabolic functions in PCOS without negative side effects, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
January 2017 in “Journal of cosmetology & trichology” A man with severe hair loss regrew hair after hormone treatment.
January 2016 in “Renal Failure” Kidney stones and hair loss are significantly related in people under 60 years old.
77 citations,
May 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs” New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.
31 citations,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
13 citations,
January 2020 in “Neuroscience” Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.
11 citations,
January 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Female mice with disrupted 5α-reductase 1 had significant metabolic issues, including stress response problems, insulin resistance, liver fat buildup, and obesity.
45 citations,
January 2008 in “Drugs” Dutasteride effectively treats enlarged prostate, reduces prostate cancer risk, and promotes hair regrowth with few side effects.
235 citations,
September 2004 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” Drugs that block DHT production can effectively treat enlarged prostate and improve urinary issues with some sexual side effects.
4 citations,
June 2017 in “Endocrine Reviews” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mainly affects nearby cells, doesn't significantly change prostate hormonal environment or cancer risk, and doesn't play a main role in causing hair loss or acne. More research is needed on its effects on heart health, sexual function, and bone health.
400 citations,
January 2014 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” The consensus provided guidelines for treating the Female Athlete Triad and a system to decide when athletes can return to sports.
36 citations,
June 2014 in “PLOS ONE” Finasteride, a hair loss drug, may cause long-term sexual side effects due to changes in hormone receptor levels.
19 citations,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.
90 citations,
December 2007 in “Current Oncology” Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.
35 citations,
October 2011 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.
1 citations,
April 2022 in “Emergency Medicine Australasia” The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.
November 2016 in “Hair transplant forum international” The conclusion is that more research is needed to understand if the drug finasteride causes Post-Finasteride Syndrome or if it's due to individual genetic makeup.
9 citations,
July 2021 in “Essays in Biochemistry” Sex hormones may influence COVID-19 severity, with males at higher risk, and certain hormone therapies could potentially treat the virus.
33 citations,
April 2015 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5α reductase inhibitors treat hair loss but may cause sexual side effects and risks.
3 citations,
July 1993 in “Contraception” Women with moderate body hair have higher levels of certain hormones and may benefit from treatment that increases sex hormone-binding protein.
108 citations,
February 2008 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” Inhibiting 5α-reductase can help reduce prostate cancer risk and improve treatment.
50 citations,
August 2017 in “Diabetologia” Metformin has limited effectiveness for improving PCOS symptoms and lacks clear benefits, needing more research to confirm its efficacy.