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Skin development in mammals is controlled by key proteins and signals from underlying cells, involving stem cells for maintenance and repair.

The conclusion is that managing androgen excess requires long-term treatment, including hormonal contraceptives and androgen blockers, with follow-up after six months.

EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.

Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.

Effective hair loss treatment in women requires correct diagnosis and can include medications like minoxidil, antiandrogens, and treatments for underlying conditions like PCOS.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Hidradenitis suppurativa is caused by genetic factors, inflammation, bacteria, hormones, and lifestyle factors like obesity and smoking.

Environmental factors, hormones, nutrition, and stress all significantly affect skin health and aging.

Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.

Mesenchymal stem cells show potential for skin healing and anti-aging, but more research is needed for safe use, especially regarding stem cells from induced pluripotent sources.

After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.

Targeting the skin's endocannabinoid system could help treat skin disorders.

Cells in hair follicles help create fat cells in the skin by releasing a protein called Sonic Hedgehog.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss; more research needed for other options.

PCOS in teens is hard to diagnose, linked to genetics and lifestyle, and managed with weight loss and medication.

Women with PCOS who have low SHBG are more likely to have low good cholesterol and metabolic syndrome.

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.

Lifestyle changes improve metabolism and fertility in overweight PCOS patients; anti-obesity drugs show potential but need more research.

Blocking a specific enzyme might help treat obesity and diabetes, but more research is needed to ensure it's safe.

Different types of facial fat affect aging and treatment outcomes; more research is needed to enhance anti-aging procedures.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Overexpressing the mineralocorticoid receptor in mouse skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier development, eye issues, and hair loss.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

The document concludes that there are no effective clinical treatments for hearing loss due to hair cell damage, but research is ongoing.

Mint essential oils can kill parasites that cause cystic echinococcosis, with M. pulegium oil being more effective than M. piperita oil.

Skin problems can be caused or worsened by physical forces and pressure on the skin.

Anti-acne medications may work by reducing the activity of a protein involved in acne development.