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The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Finger length ratios are not linked to the number of specific gene repeats affecting testosterone sensitivity.

Certain gene variations are not a major cause of male infertility in Nigerian men.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

Women with AGA have higher lipid levels, increasing heart disease risk.

Testosterone injections can cause skin darkening and thickening.

The conclusion is that different blood diseases cause specific oral symptoms and require varied treatments to manage these symptoms and improve patient health.

Finasteride may improve sperm count in subfertile men with low sperm count.

Busulfan/cyclophosphamide and total bone irradiation are equally effective for AML transplants.

A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.

Most patients with Tuberous sclerosis had neurological or skin issues, and over half had psychiatric problems.

Yellow dots look different in various hair loss conditions and can help diagnose them.

The document concludes that detailed clinical descriptions of seven family cases help understand dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa's symptoms and inheritance.

Medical treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can harm sperm production, so freezing sperm before treatment is important for men who want children later.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.

Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.

The document concludes that early diagnosis and treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are crucial for preventing serious health issues and improving patient outcomes.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

DHT's role in hair loss is important, but measuring its level for diagnosis is questionable.

Taking 5-α reductase inhibitors for prostate enlargement or hair loss does not significantly raise the risk of erectile dysfunction.

Testing for CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene is not currently recommended for managing hypogonadism.

Taking 5α-reductase inhibitors does not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer in men.

Infertile men are more likely to produce sperm with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can affect pregnancy success and embryo health.

Testicular microlithiasis may increase the risk of testicular cancer and patients with it should be closely monitored.

The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.

Testosterone replacement therapy should be used for men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism, after careful diagnosis and considering individual needs.