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GlossaryKeratin Associated Protein Genes (KAP genes)

encode proteins that strengthen and structure hair

Keratin Associated Protein (KAP) genes encode for a group of proteins that are crucial in the formation and structure of hair. These proteins bind to keratin, the primary structural component of hair, to provide strength and resilience. Understanding KAP genes is important for studying hair growth, texture, and disorders like alopecia.

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research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations, December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.

Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

research Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

62 citations, January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.

research Human Hair Keratin-Associated Proteins

71 citations, August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.

research Pmg-1 and Pmg-2 Constitute a Novel Family of KAP Genes Differentially Expressed During Skin and Mammary Gland Development

22 citations, August 1999 in “Mechanisms of Development”

Pmg-1 and Pmg-2 are new genes important for skin and mammary gland development.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations, June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

research Human KAP Genes: Only Half of It? Extensive Size Polymorphisms in Hair Keratin-Associated Protein Genes

53 citations, June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

KAP genes show significant genetic variability, but its impact on hair traits is unclear.

research Comparative Genomics of the Keratin-Associated Protein Gene Clusters in Human, Chimpanzee, and Baboon

8 citations, March 2004 in “Mammalian genome”

KAP genes are crucial for hair development and show both shared and unique traits in humans, chimpanzees, and baboons.

research Wool Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in Sheep: A Review

98 citations, May 2016 in “Genes”

Understanding wool keratin-associated proteins in sheep can help improve wool quality through selective breeding.

research The Complexity of the Ovine and Caprine Keratin-Associated Protein Genes

10 citations, November 2021 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Sheep and goat hair fibers are complex due to keratin-associated proteins, which are important for fiber properties and growth.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 22-1 (KAP22-1) Gene and Its Effect on Wool Traits

42 citations, January 2017 in “Genes”

The gene KAP22-1 affects wool yield and fiber shape in sheep.

research Unexpected Autocrine Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Squamous Cell Carcinoma

1 citations, February 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

VEGF helps squamous cell carcinoma grow in ways beyond just blood vessel formation.

research Spatiotemporal Expression Characterization of KRTAP6 Family Genes and Its Effect on Wool Traits

January 2024 in “Genes”

KRTAP6 genes affect wool quality in sheep.

research Organization and Expression of Hair Follicle Genes

48 citations, July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.

research Molecular Genetic Characteristics of the Hoxc13 Gene and Association Analysis of Wool Traits

January 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Hoxc13 gene affects wool length in Gansu alpine fine-wool sheep.

research The Susceptibility of Disulfide Bonds to Modification in Keratin Fibers Undergoing Tensile Stress

11 citations, April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal”

Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 26-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

29 citations, September 2017 in “Genes”

Selecting specific KRTAP26-1 gene variants can improve wool quality in sheep.

research The Human Type II Keratin Gene Cluster on Chromosome 12q13.13: Final Count or Hidden Secrets?

9 citations, February 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.

research Effects of KRTAP20-1 Gene Variation on Wool Traits in Chinese Tan Sheep

August 2024 in “Genes”

Variant G of the KRTAP20-1 gene improves wool curliness in Chinese Tan sheep.

research The Nude Mutant Gene Foxn1 Is a HOXC13 Regulatory Target During Hair Follicle and Nail Differentiation

68 citations, December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

HOXC13 is essential for hair and nail development by regulating Foxn1.

research Expression of Novel Keratin-Associated Protein 5 Genes in the Cuticle Layer of Human Hair Follicles

6 citations, April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science”

The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.

research Characterization of Human KAP24.1, A Cuticular Hair Keratin-Associated Protein with Unusual Amino Acid Composition and Repeat Structure

51 citations, January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.

research Hair Follicle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Regulating Wool Fiber Diameter in Angora Rabbits

3 citations, March 2023 in “Biology”

Genes affecting wool fiber thickness in Angora rabbits were identified, which could help breed finer wool.

research Ovine KRTAP36-2: A New Keratin-Associated Protein Gene Related to Variation in Wool Yield

November 2023 in “Genes”

The KRTAP36-2 gene in sheep affects wool yield.

research Effects of FGF5-Mediated LncRNA on the Skin Fibroblast Growth of Liaoning Cashmere Goats

July 2023 in “Indian Journal of Animal Health”

FGF-5 promotes Cashmere goat hair growth by increasing keratin genes and reducing certain LncRNA and target genes.

research The Mean Staple Length of Wool Fiber Is Associated with Variation in the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-2 Gene

4 citations, January 2020 in “Genes”

The KRTAP21-2 gene affects wool length and quality in sheep.

research Study on the Expression Patterns of Inner Root Sheath-Specific Genes in Tan Sheep Hair Follicle During Different Developmental Stages

July 2024 in “Gene”

IRS-specific genes in Tan sheep hair follicles peak at birth and may affect wool crimp.

research Skin Transcriptome Reveals the Periodic Changes in Genes Underlying Cashmere Follicle Transition in Cashmere Goats

14 citations, June 2020 in “BMC genomics”

The study identified key genes that regulate the growth cycle of cashmere in goats, which could help improve breeding strategies.

Evidence That the Satin Hair Mutant Gene Foxq1 Is Among Multiple and Functionally Diverse Regulatory Targets for Hoxc13 During Hair Follicle Differentiation

research Evidence That the Satin Hair Mutant Gene Foxq1 Is Among Multiple and Functionally Diverse Regulatory Targets for Hoxc13 During Hair Follicle Differentiation

65 citations, July 2006 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

The gene Foxq1, controlled by Hoxc13, is crucial for hair follicle differentiation.

research Molecular Basis of Maintaining Circannual Rhythm in the Skin of Cashmere Goat

1 citations, April 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Goat skin changes with the seasons due to genes affected by daylight and hormones.

research A Comparison of Transcriptomic Patterns Measured in the Skin of Chinese Fine and Coarse Wool Sheep Breeds

17 citations, October 2017 in “Scientific reports”

Fine wool sheep have more genes for wool quality, while coarse wool sheep have more for skin and muscle traits.