114 citations
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February 2012 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review examines the dermatologic effects of tobacco use and nicotine, noting potential benefits and drawbacks for various skin conditions, but reports no new clinical results.
16 citations
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August 2011 in “Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology” This report describes a case of a 19-year-old woman experiencing severe recurrent angioedema with airway issues, leading to multiple emergency visits and unsuccessful treatment with typical steroid-sparing agents.
This study reports an increase in the frequency and variety of skin conditions associated with COVID-19, noting that milder cases often present with pernio-like lesions, while severe cases may involve livedo racemosa, retiform purpura, and acral ischemia.
123 citations
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September 1987 in “JAMA” This study observed that patients receiving IL-2 immunotherapy developed a skin eruption characterized by burning and pruritus, which resolved shortly after stopping the infusion, suggesting that IL-2 mediated these effects.
1 citations
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December 2016 This review discusses the approved uses and adverse reactions of JAK inhibitors, noting their importance in treating various conditions but highlighting significant hematological and immunological risks.
1 citations
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January 2024 in “ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters” This Patent Highlight discusses recent progress in developing TYK2 inhibitors, which show potential for treating conditions like cancer, alopecia areata, and psoriatic arthritis.
June 2026 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Regenerative Medicine” This study found that Janus kinase inhibitors significantly improve treatment outcomes for complex skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata, but their implementation requires careful safety considerations, including risk assessments for cardiovascular, malignant, and reproductive issues.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 1 citations
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December 2023 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” This review summarized the latest knowledge suggesting that Janus kinase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential for treating skin diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, especially when conventional therapies do not work.
2 citations
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May 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This retrospective cohort study found no significant association between Janus kinase inhibitors and increased malignancy risk in alopecia areata patients, but traditional immunosuppressants were linked to higher risks of internal and hematologic malignancies.
July 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This paper reviews recent advancements in understanding hair follicle structure and the role of JAKs in hair growth, though it does not report new experimental findings.
5 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that oral JAK3 and TYK2/JAK1 inhibitors improved clinical outcomes in alopecia areata patients by reducing immune responses and enhancing hair keratin expression, with stronger effects in those with shorter disease duration.
April 2025 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This study provides initial insights into the use of JAK inhibitors for CTCL, reporting some cases of symptom improvement, but highlights the need for further research on their association with CTCL development and safety.
October 2025 in “Postgraduate Medical Journal” This study found that among various JAK inhibitors for severe alopecia areata, baricitinib_4 mg demonstrated significant efficacy with high precision, while deuruxolitinib_12 mg showed the best efficacy but with wider confidence intervals, providing clinicians valuable information for treatment selection.
52 citations
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September 2014 in “Nature medicine” JAK inhibitors might help treat alopecia areata.
April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study used machine learning to identify molecular predictors of drug response in alopecia areata, suggesting a tool for predicting treatment efficacy based on gene signatures.
August 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This abstract does not report results but indicates that the supplementary material includes comprehensive methodology, additional results, statistical analyses, discussion, and limitations of the Alopecia Areata Relapse Study Group's findings as presented in the main manuscript.
February 2025 in “PubMed” In this study, researchers evaluated CS12192, a selective JAK3 inhibitor, in an alopecia areata mouse model and found it reversed hair growth inhibition comparably to baricitinib, with better safety and similar immune-modulating mechanisms.
4 citations
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January 2023 in “Skin health and disease” This study shows that in a mouse model of Alopecia Areata, selective JAK1 inhibition facilitated hair regrowth and inflammation resolution while potentially offering a better safety profile compared to pan-JAK inhibition.
June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study reviewed clinical trials on JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata, finding them effective for short-term hair regrowth with a favorable safety profile, but noted limited data on long-term risks like malignancies or cardiovascular events beyond two years.
11 citations
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April 2015 in “EBioMedicine” This research highlights that JAK inhibitors, such as baricitinib, may effectively reverse symptoms of alopecia areata by targeting specific immune pathways, though safety and efficacy require further investigation.
56 citations
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January 2019 in “Lancet” This review discusses the emerging use of JAK inhibitors in alopecia areata treatment and reports no new clinical results; it highlights hair regrowth despite symptom recurrence after stopping therapy.
11 citations
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June 2019 in “Journal of dermatology” This source reports that recent research highlights the effectiveness and tolerability of oral JAK inhibitors for treating moderate to severe alopecia areata, although further placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm their long-term safety and efficacy.
11 citations
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July 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study identified four immune-related signaling molecules (LGR5, PTN, JAG1, and DKK1) associated with keloid, suggesting their potential role in its pathogenesis and as targets for new treatments.
May 2026 in “Journal of Human Immunity” In this study, researchers found that the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib helped normalize tissue-specific autoimmunity in APECED patients by reducing inflammation and immune cell accumulation, but it was also linked to subclinical side effects like anemia and weight gain.
4 citations
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February 2024 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” 2 citations
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May 2024 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety” This study found that while infectious events may occur in alopecia areata patients treated with JAK inhibitors, these infections are usually manageable and rarely lead to permanent treatment discontinuation.
489 citations
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November 2021 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” This review discusses the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway and highlights its role and inhibitors in various diseases, but reports no new experimental results.
2 citations
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April 2023 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This systematic review evaluated the safety of JAK-inhibitors for alopecia areata, finding that most adverse events were mild and systemic formulations were well-tolerated; however, increased rates of certain infections and laboratory abnormalities were noted, with isolated severe cases but no fatal outcomes.
5 citations
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April 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study evaluated eight JAK inhibitor regimens for alopecia areata and provided high-quality evidence on their comparative effectiveness, which can aid clinicians in decision-making and inform medical practice guidelines.