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This study observed that patients receiving IL-2 immunotherapy developed a skin eruption characterized by burning and pruritus, which resolved shortly after stopping the infusion, suggesting that IL-2 mediated these effects.

This study found that IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms do not have a significant association with alopecia areata susceptibility in the Egyptian population.

This study found that a significant portion of alopecia areata patients achieved at least partial hair regrowth with diphenylcyclopropenon therapy, which was more effective in certain subtypes and disease durations.

This study describes a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who experienced a recurrence of pemphigus vulgaris after receiving interleukin 2 immunotherapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and autoimmune disease recurrence.

This study reported that the IL1A 4-bp indel polymorphism is associated with a reduced risk of alopecia areata in Chinese populations, possibly through miR-122 mediated regulation of IL-1α expression.

This study found that alopecia areata patients had significantly higher levels of interleukin-6 compared to healthy controls.

This study suggests a potential role for S100A7 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of IL-1α compared to healthy controls, with no significant difference observed in IL-1β levels.

This study found significantly higher levels of Toll-Like Receptor 4, interferon gamma, and interleukin-17 in Iraqi patients with alopecia areata compared to controls, suggesting these immune markers play a crucial role in the disease's development and could be targets for future treatments.

This study on women aged 18–40 with polycystic ovary syndrome reported that a three-month treatment involving dietary changes, oral contraceptives, fertility drugs, and supplements significantly improved ovulation, menstrual regularity, BMI, and reduced hirsutism, acne, and certain immune factors compared to pre-treatment and control groups.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had increased levels of serum immunoglobulin E and interleukin-13 compared to healthy controls, with additional variation in levels observed across age and weight.

In this experimental study, laser irradiation significantly altered the gene expression of cytokines in cultured human T-cell lymphocytes, suggesting that such laser light may photobiomodulate cytokine production in vitro.

This study found that serum IL-17A levels were significantly higher in patients with alopecia areata compared to healthy controls and correlated with disease severity and activity.

The study reported that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of IL-17A and IL-2 compared to healthy controls, suggesting these interleukins may play an important role in the disease, though they did not correlate with its severity or duration.

In this animal study, treatment with Trachyspermum copticum seed extract significantly altered IL-1 and KGF/FGF-7 gene expression, improving dermatitis and hair growth in mice compared to controls and corticosteroids.

This study found that interleukin-10 deficiency in B6 mice led to inflammatory milk production due to maternal stress, causing alopecia and hepatocyte steatosis in pups.

In laboratory experiments, this study found that the topical prodrug SCD-153, a derivative of 4-methyl itaconate, reduced inflammation-related gene expression and induced significant hair growth in mice, suggesting it as a promising treatment candidate for alopecia areata.

This study found that alopecia areata patients who responded poorly to topical immunotherapy had impaired peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to T-cell stimulants.

This review discusses emerging treatments and mechanisms for alopecia, highlighting potential therapies like janus kinase inhibitors and advances in stem-cell technology, but reports no new experimental results.

This article hypothesizes that apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, could be a targeted treatment for alopecia areata due to its ability to suppress interferon-gamma production, but reports no new clinical results.

New acne treatments show promise as alternatives to traditional therapies.

This study found that adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned media improved skin flap survival following ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by increasing cell proliferation and the number of hair follicles, mediated by IL-6.

This review discusses current anti-inflammatory treatment options for calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) and highlights the lack of crystal-targeted therapies, emphasizing the need for more research to guide treatment.

In this study, researchers found that in late pregnancy, the neuroactive progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone inhibits HPA axis responses to immune challenges via an opioid-mediated mechanism.

This study observed that the ethyl acetate extract of Equisetum debile showed high activity against 5α-reductase and lipid peroxidation with no cytotoxicity on dermal papilla cells.

This study found that IL-25-mediated-IL-17RB signaling improved diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and endothelial cell function, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for poorly healing diabetic wounds.

In this study, researchers found that specific IL18 genetic variants may be linked to increased susceptibility to alopecia areata in a Korean population.

This review explores the role of neutrophil recruitment in the inflammation seen in hidradenitis suppurativa and emphasizes potential therapeutic targets within these pathways, but it reports no new clinical results.

In this study, treatment with human follicular keratinocyte-conditioned media improved the trichogenicity of cultured dermal cells by activating key signalling pathways, suggesting its potential use in cell therapy for hair loss.

This review examines the use of apremilast for non-FDA-approved dermatological conditions, noting varied efficacy but a favorable safety profile compared to conventional treatments.