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This study developed and analyzed a mathematical model for alopecia areata involving interactions among immune cells and cytokines, establishing conditions under which hairless patches can become stable and pervasive, particularly with certain biological rate levels and chemotactic sensitivities.

COVID-19 vaccines have been linked to an increase in hair loss conditions.

In this animal study, researchers discovered that CD4 T cells from mice with alopecia areata can induce the disease more efficiently than those from unaffected mice, likely by supporting CD8 T cell activation and hair follicle attack.

This review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging targeted treatments for alopecia areata, particularly highlighting the efficacy of oral JAK inhibitors over other less effective alternatives.

This study found that the secretory profiles of adipose-derived stem cells vary between balding and non-balding scalp areas in androgenetic alopecia patients, suggesting involvement of angiogenic and inflammatory processes in the condition's development.

This study suggests that NKG2D+ Vδ1 T cells may contribute to hair follicle pathology in alopecia areata by recognizing stressed keratinocytes and inducing immune privilege collapse.

This study observed that, among alopecia areata patients in Fujian, China, lower IgG4 levels and higher IFN-γ levels were statistically significant, suggesting their potential role as biomarkers for the condition and highlighting avenues for future therapeutic developments.

This study in a murine model of alopecia areata found that IFNg is crucial while perforin is not necessary for CD8 T cell-mediated disease development.

In this case-control study, individuals with alopecia areata showed significantly elevated levels of inflammatory markers IL-4, IFN-γ, and CRP, as well as reduced serum Folate and Ferritin, suggesting the condition's multifactorial pathophysiology involves immune activation, systemic inflammation, and micronutrient deficiencies.

Dithranol reduces inflammation in alopecia areata by lowering certain immune responses.

This study conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis revealing a complex chemokine profile in alopecia areata patients, with elevated Th1, Th2, and other immune pathway chemokines, suggesting broader immunomodulatory strategies may help address the disease's multifaceted immune dysregulation.

In this scoping review and meta-analysis, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata show a complex serum chemokine profile, predominantly involving Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines, suggesting that broader immunomodulatory strategies might address the diverse immune dysregulation observed in the disease.

This study found that in a human skin organ culture model of pemphigus vulgaris, split formation led to significant upregulation of IFNγ and TNFα-related genes, indicating secondary effects from mechanical stress, not direct changes from autoantibodies.

Expanding regulatory T cells may help treat alopecia areata by reducing harmful immune cells.

This study reports on a unique clinical presentation of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides in a 60-year-old man, highlighting complexities in diagnosis due to dense histiocytic infiltration, which led to xanthoma formation before treatment, and obscured lymphomatous features.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher levels of circulating DNA for certain cytokines compared to healthy controls, suggesting that increased circulating DNA may be linked to hair follicle damage in these patients.

This study found that subcutaneous injection of a CXCL12 neutralizing antibody significantly promoted hair growth in androgenic alopecia and inhibited hair loss in alopecia areata in mouse models, suggesting its potential as a promising treatment for hair loss.

This report highlights a case of a 35-year-old man developing alopecia universalis following alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis, suggesting potential links between this medication and drug-induced alopecia areata, though the genetic overlap of the conditions may also play a role.

This research developed new in vitro models for high-throughput screening of drugs that could protect or restore immune privilege in hair follicles, finding that Tofacitinib was effective in preventing inflammation-related marker upregulation, while Tacrolimus and αMSH worked specifically in outer root sheath keratinocytes.

This study found that innate lymphoid cells-type 1 (ILC1) can induce alopecia areata by disrupting hair follicle immune privilege without the involvement of classical CD8+ T cells.

This study found that ILC1-like cells can induce alopecia areata symptoms in both ex vivo human hair follicles and in vivo mouse models, challenging the view that alopecia areata is solely CD8+ T cell-driven.

This study found that innate lymphoid cells-type 1 (ILC1lc) can induce alopecia areata (AA) by disrupting hair follicle immune privilege and causing hair follicle dystrophy and regression in both ex vivo and in vivo settings.

This report describes a case of alopecia universalis successfully treated with tofacitinib, though it was associated with increased peripheral blood cytokine levels.

In this study, Wang et al. (2022) found that in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus, chronic lesions contained more senescent progenitor cells, marked by p16 and p21, than subacute lesions, suggesting a link between disease chronicity and cellular senescence.

This case study reports a rare co-occurrence of alopecia areata and vitiligo in a 13-year-old female, suggesting a potential pathogenic link between the two autoimmune skin diseases.

This review discusses potential biomarkers for alopecia and their significance, and while it highlights areas for future research, it reports no new clinical results.

This study suggests that lithocholic acid may enhance hair regeneration in alopecia by activating vitamin D receptors in human dermal papilla cells.

Researchers developed a new way to measure gene activity in single hair follicles and found that a specific gene's activity changes with different amounts and times of treatment.

This study used spatial transcriptomics to investigate T cell-hair follicle interactions in cutaneous lupus erythematosus across mice, dogs, and humans, finding that CXCR3+ T cells and B cells are enriched in lesional skin, with implications for potential therapeutic targets.

This study systematically reviewed literature on paradoxical reactions during biologic treatments for psoriasis, identifying immune dysregulation mechanisms and diverse clinical manifestations, highlighting that mild cases often respond well to topical treatments, while severe cases may require switching to different IL-23 inhibitors.