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A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone in a postmenopausal woman, resolved by surgery.

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy resolved hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman with rare ovarian tumors.

A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.

Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.

Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.

Growth factors are crucial for hair development and could help treat hair diseases.

Women with PCOS are more likely to have insulin resistance and obesity, especially those with the most severe type I PCOS.

Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.

Anti-Müllerian hormone is a specific marker for ovarian issues in women with conditions like PCOS.

Eyelid cells share signaling components but differ in pathway activity.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

PCOS is a complex condition in women that can lead to health issues, and lifestyle changes are the best management approach.

PCOS in teen girls should be managed with lifestyle changes and sometimes medication to improve symptoms and health.

The transition from growth to regression in Cashmere goat hair follicles involves changes in expression of genes related to keratin and cell differentiation.

The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.

Longer anogenital distance may indicate a higher chance of having polycystic ovary syndrome, and measuring this distance along with hormone levels could improve diagnosis.

Gingivitis may increase a hormone linked to ovarian function in women with a certain ovary condition, and treating gum disease could help manage it.

PCOS symptoms change with age; younger women have higher androgen levels and less metabolic issues, while older women face more metabolic challenges despite milder PCOS symptoms.

AMH levels are higher in women with PCOS and can indicate the number of small follicles in their ovaries.

A new gene location for Keratosis follicularis squamosa was found on chromosome 7p14.3-7p12.1.

Ovulation disorders are a major cause of infertility and menstrual problems in women.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Disrupting Acvr1b in mice causes severe hair loss and thicker skin.

β-catenin is essential for stem cell activation and proliferation in hair follicles.

The conclusion is that women under 35 should start fertility checks after 12 months of trying to conceive, women over 35 after 6 months, and women over 40 should start immediately. The checks should include ovulation status, reproductive tract structure, and male partner's semen evaluation.

The document concludes that more multidisciplinary research is needed to understand and treat PCOS, a condition that significantly affects women's health and quality of life.

Men who start puberty later may have lower sperm quality and different hormone levels in adulthood.

Rare ovarian tumors can cause hyperandrogenism, even if imaging appears normal.

Higher early lead exposure is linked to delayed puberty in girls.