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A thorough history and examination are crucial for diagnosing skin diseases, which affect up to a third of people. This includes details about skin lesions, medication, general health, lifestyle, family, and contacts, as well as examining the rash, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. Changes in hair and nails can also indicate other medical and skin disorders.

Acitretin treats severe skin conditions but requires careful monitoring due to serious side effects.

Topical ceramide treatment partially improves the skin condition in Jack Russell Terriers with a genetic skin disorder.

As skin cells mature, vitamin D receptor levels decrease while retinoid X receptor α levels increase.

Thermal spring waters and their microbes could be good for skin health and treating some skin conditions in skincare products.

Mutations in specific keratin genes cause improper hair structure in mice due to faulty keratin protein assembly.

Laminin 332 is essential for normal skin cell behavior and structure.

Keratosis pilaris is a common skin condition where hair follicles get clogged with keratin, mostly on the arms and thighs.

FoxN1 overexpression in young mice harms immune cell and skin development.

Gene therapy shows promise for treating skin disorders and cancer, but faces technical challenges.

Prolactin and TGF-β receptor blockers might help treat hair loss.

High levels of ST14 and TMEFF1 proteins in ovarian cancer are linked to worse patient outcomes and may be a new treatment target.

Astrotactin2 affects hair follicle orientation and skin cell polarity.

Low-potency steroids can cause serious side effects in people with skin conditions like Netherton syndrome.

Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.

The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.

Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.

Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.

Matriptase is crucial for keeping epithelial tissues healthy and functioning properly.

The TGM3 gene's promoter region is key for skin and hair cell function and may aid gene therapy.

TCDD speeds up skin barrier formation by increasing certain gene expressions.

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

DHT, a testosterone byproduct, causes male pattern baldness.

HIV can cause unusual and severe skin problems that are hard to treat.

The document concludes that mouse models are crucial for studying hair biology and that all mutant mice may have hair growth abnormalities that require detailed analysis to identify.

Dupilumab is being tested for many new skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal conditions.

Hair loss in women often doesn't follow a pattern, isn't linked to age, may be genetic, and can be related to thyroid issues or other health factors.

Certain fats in the skin help control inflammation and health, and changing these fats through diet or supplements might treat skin inflammation.

Stress can worsen skin conditions and affect mental health, so doctors should include stress management in skin treatment.