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Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.

A low-starch/low-dairy diet may help overweight women with PCOS lose weight and improve metabolism, but more research is needed.

Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.

Women with PCOS often have more belly fat and higher insulin levels, but belly fat isn't the only cause of their insulin resistance.

Blocking glucocorticoid receptors improves glucose metabolism in a PCOS mouse model.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

The new rodent model successfully mimics non-lean human PCOS symptoms.

Metformin is less effective in men with early-onset hair loss.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.

Childhood obesity is rising globally due to various factors, and early prevention and healthy lifestyle changes are crucial.

Some sports supplements can cause health issues like mood swings, hair loss, and heart problems in men.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Researchers created a mouse model for Cushing's syndrome to study glucocorticoid excess and potential treatments.

A woman was the first known case to have both polycystic ovary syndrome and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2, suggesting a need to check for both conditions in similar patients.

Blocking the ATX-LPA pathway may improve insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in obesity.

Obesity leads to physical, metabolic, reproductive issues, higher healthcare costs, and mental health problems.

Dermal adipose tissue in mice can change and revert to help with skin health.

The document concludes that the hCG protocol may help in obesity treatment and could be scientifically justified, but more research is needed.

Androgen receptors in the mouse brain may explain cognitive and mood changes in prostate cancer treatment.

Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.

The document suggests treating individuals with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia who show symptoms, especially those related to excess male hormones.

Finasteride side effects in young men may be linked to specific gene variations.

Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

Women with type 1 diabetes often have polycystic ovary syndrome and excess male hormones, which are frequently undiagnosed.

Targeting glucocorticoid action might help treat type-2 diabetes, but human trials are needed.

The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.

Finasteride for hair loss may cause lasting sexual, genitourinary, mental, and anti-androgenic side effects in young men.