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This study systematically reviewed literature on paradoxical reactions during biologic treatments for psoriasis, identifying immune dysregulation mechanisms and diverse clinical manifestations, highlighting that mild cases often respond well to topical treatments, while severe cases may require switching to different IL-23 inhibitors.

This study found that tumor immunotherapy, while effective against solid tumors, can disrupt the immune balance in hair follicles, causing follicular toxicity and alopecia, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to manage these adverse effects.

In this mini-review, recent insights suggest a possible role of type-2-related immunity in diseases like alopecia areata, vitiligo, and localized scleroderma, though whether this immune response benefits or worsens these conditions remains unclear.

This review discusses the mechanisms underlying the collapse of hair follicle immune privilege in alopecia areata and emphasizes the importance of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring immune tolerance.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, highlighting the role of immune privilege collapse in hair follicles but reports no clinical results.

This paper examines the potential autoimmune basis of alopecia areata, but reports no new clinical results; the focus is on analyzing complement levels and macrophage migration inhibition factor in patients.

This study identified keratins as autoantigens in alopecia areata and found that a tolerogenic form of keratin application delayed disease progression in mice by affecting T-cell responses.

This review discusses the mechanisms behind alopecia areata and primary cicatricial alopecia and reports no new clinical results, aiming to guide the development of targeted treatments.

This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.

This article discusses alopecia areata as a potential model for studying T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases and reports no new experimental findings.

This study proposes that intranasal exposure to PTx and autoantigen in an animal model can trigger autoimmune disease, supporting the idea that subclinical nasal colonization by BP may cause alopecia areata.

This review discusses the role of natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of blistering diseases and proposes further research on their interaction with the skin, reporting no new clinical results.

This study found that male cancer patients had a higher risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19 compared to female patients.

This study indicates that innate lymphoid cells-type 1 may provoke alopecia areata by disrupting hair follicle immune privilege and inducing characteristic lesions, challenging the view that alopecia areata is purely an autoantigen-dependent, T cell-driven condition.

This review discusses the immune system's role in skin repair and regeneration, highlighting how biomaterials could potentially enhance fully functional skin regeneration through immunomodulatory mechanisms, but reports no new results.

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells play a key role in UVB-induced skin sensitivity and inflammation.

This review discusses the use, mechanism, and side effects of topical immunomodulators in treating immune-mediated skin disorders and reports no new clinical results, urging further research on experimental agents.

This review discusses recent findings on the mechanisms driving bullous pemphigoid, highlighting epitope spreading and the roles of regulatory T cells, and reports no new experimental results.

This study reviewed recent theories on alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting its autoimmune nature due to immune privilege disruption in hair follicles, and noted current treatments have limited efficacy with high relapse rates, underscoring the need for further research into its mechanisms for better therapies.

This study found that CD44 and CD49d together enhance signaling pathways in lymphocytes in mice with alopecia areata, influencing their activation and function.

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by a complex interaction of bacterial toxins and the immune system, and understanding this can help improve diagnosis and treatment.

In this animal study, researchers discovered that CD4 T cells from mice with alopecia areata can induce the disease more efficiently than those from unaffected mice, likely by supporting CD8 T cell activation and hair follicle attack.

This study found that blocking LFA-1 signaling completely prevented the development of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice, suggesting that LFA-1 plays a crucial role in the disease's pathogenesis and could be a target for new therapies.

This study introduces stem cell activity as a key factor influencing the effects of IFN-γ and TGF-β1 on autoimmune disease dynamics, showing that varying cytokine levels can modulate stem cell activity and immune privilege, impacting tissue regeneration and disease flares.

This article shares the researchers' challenging journey in exploring the pathobiology of alopecia areata and reports no definitive clinical advances.

This review explores the emerging roles of NK cells in various diseases, including allergies and skin conditions, and reports no new clinical results while indicating NK cell involvement in immune processes.

This study suggests that contact sensitizers may treat alopecia areata by expanding suppressor cells and interfering with antigen presentation to lymphocytes.