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This review suggests that excessive facial photoprotection could play a role in frontal fibrosing alopecia through a disturbance in immunological balance via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-kynurenine pathway.

This review integrates studies on mouse models and human clinical observations to highlight the role of immune cells in skin development and how their dysregulation leads to skin disorders, suggesting potential therapeutic pathways for skin regeneration.

This review hypothesizes that excessive facial photo-protection may contribute to frontal fibrosing alopecia by disrupting immunological homeostasis through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-kynurenine pathway, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the classification, diagnosis, and potential treatment pathways for Alopecia Areata, emphasizing the complex genetic and immunological factors involved, but reports no new clinical results.

In this review, researchers discussed the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of metformin and hypothesized that its topical application could benefit those with alopecia areata, given its effects on immune pathways, hair regrowth, and autoimmune disease management.

This study suggests that genetic overlap between alopecia areata and major depressive disorder may be limited to the MHC region, highlighting the need for further research.

This review summarizes current knowledge on four common autoinflammatory skin diseases—vitiligo, alopecia areata, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis—focusing on their molecular backgrounds, including genetic susceptibility, epigenetic regulation, and immunological pathways.

This review discusses the bidirectional interactions between human mast cells and CD8 T cells in the skin, particularly in the context of disorders like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo, and reports no new findings.

This study concluded that the CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling pathway significantly contributes to hair loss in androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata by promoting inflammation and fibrosis, whereas inhibiting this pathway can restore hair growth and follicle health.

In this study, researchers explored the immunological mechanisms involved in alopecia areata and suggested that targeting immune responses, particularly using JAK inhibitors and other immunomodulatory drugs, could help achieve stable remission and improve patients' quality of life.

This review explores the immunological aspects of epidermal differentiation in loricrin knockout mice, offering insights into keratinization and potential intrinsic factors affecting immune function, but provides no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the role of the complement pathway in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results; the authors suggest that targeting this pathway could offer treatment options.

This review summarizes current treatments for recalcitrant alopecia areata and recent therapeutic developments targeting specific immunological pathways, reporting no new clinical results.

This study concluded that advancements in understanding the immunological mechanisms of alopecia areata have led to promising therapies, particularly JAK inhibitors and novel drug delivery systems, but further research is needed for clinical application.

In this review, serum clusterin is highlighted as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for post-adolescent acne, suggesting its potential role in the inflammatory and immunological processes of the condition, although its exact mechanisms remain to be fully understood.

In this study, researchers found that alopecia areata patients show a significant reduction in suppressive regulatory T-cells and an increase in inflammatory T-cell populations, suggesting an immunological imbalance contributing to the disease.

Regulatory T cells help prevent autoimmunity and have potential for treating autoimmune diseases.

This narrative review highlights the shared immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis and discusses approved and investigational therapies that target common pathways, suggesting a future for personalized treatment strategies.

This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of alopecia areata, focusing on immunity and genetics, and presents potential targets for therapy without reporting new clinical results.

This review explored the relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis and various autoimmune skin conditions, highlighting shared genetic markers and immunological mechanisms, such as disrupted immune tolerance and oxidative stress, which may contribute to the development of these disorders.

This study reports that SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and off-label dupilumab treatment may exacerbate psoriasis, with overlapping inflammatory pathways involving cytokines like IL-17 and TNF-α. Histopathological similarities between psoriasis flares and COVID-19 skin manifestations were noted, suggesting a potential connection requiring further research.

This review explores multidisciplinary advances in understanding alopecia areata, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, and innovative treatments, but reports no new research results.

This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.

In this study, tofacitinib was found to be a promising treatment for adolescents with alopecia areata, showing significant hair regrowth in most patients with mild adverse effects, despite limitations like small sample size and lack of control group.

This study found that gene expression of CD70 and CD27 was higher in alopecia areata lesions and correlated with increased disease severity and activity.

This chapter discusses how nanotechnology, through the use of metal nanoparticles and biocompatible carriers, along with antioxidants like curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, offers promising approaches for treating PCOS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and normalizing hormone levels.

In this case report, researchers documented a 71-year-old woman with both alopecia areata and bullous pemphigoid who showed significant improvement using dupilumab after other treatments failed, highlighting its potential for autoimmune diseases with overlapping inflammatory mechanisms.

This review highlights the potential benefits of spironolactone in dermatology, particularly for female acne, supporting its safety over long-term use without extensive testing, but presents no new clinical results.

Immune system issues may contribute to female pattern hair loss.

This review discusses the pathophysiology of alopecia areata, highlighting the role of CD8 cytotoxic T cells and the upregulation of JAK signaling pathways; it reports no new experimental results.