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GlossaryImmunostaining (Immunohistochemistry)

technique using antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissues

Immunofluorescence (IF) is a laboratory technique used to visualize the presence and location of specific proteins or antigens in cells or tissue sections by using antibodies that are chemically linked to a fluorescent dye. When these antibodies bind to their target, the fluorescent dye can be seen under a microscope with the appropriate light, allowing researchers to study the distribution and abundance of the proteins of interest.

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research VEGFR-2 Is in a State of Activation in Hair Follicles, Sebaceous Glands, Eccrine Sweat Glands, and Epidermis from Human Scalp: An In Situ Immunohistochemistry Study of Phosphorylated VEGFR-2

6 citations, March 2019 in “Medical science monitor basic research/Medical science monitor. Basic research”

VEGFR-2 is active in hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and skin on the human scalp.

research CD123 Immunohistochemistry for Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Useful in the Diagnosis of Scarring Alopecia

20 citations, May 2016 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Using CD123 to detect certain immune cells helps diagnose a type of hair loss condition.

research CD10 Immunohistochemistry in Prurigo Nodularis

5 citations, February 2008 in “Histopathology”

Reply to ‘CD123 Immunohistochemistry for Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Useful in the Diagnosis of Scarring Alopecia’: Three PDC-Related Parameters Are Useful in Differentiating Lupus Alopecia from LPP

research Reply to ‘CD123 Immunohistochemistry for Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Useful in the Diagnosis of Scarring Alopecia’: Three PDC-Related Parameters Are Useful in Differentiating Lupus Alopecia from LPP

4 citations, November 2016 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Three characteristics of plasmacytoid dendritic cells help tell apart lupus-related hair loss from LPP.

research Severe Scarring Alopecia Associated with Combinational Use of Ficlatuzumab and Gefitinib: A Clinical and Immunohistochemistry Study

1 citations, December 2012 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Combining ficlatuzumab and gefitinib can cause severe scarring hair loss.

research Lgr5 Marks Cycling, Yet Long-Lived, Hair Follicle Stem Cells

835 citations, October 2008 in “Nature Genetics”

Lgr5 is a marker for active, long-lasting stem cells in mouse hair follicles.

research Animal Models for the Study of Fetal Tissue Repair

69 citations, September 1991 in “Journal of Surgical Research”

Understanding how fetal wounds heal could help improve healing in adults.

research Biomarkers of Alopecia Areata Disease Activity and Response to Corticosteroid Treatment

65 citations, December 2015 in “Experimental dermatology”

Corticosteroid treatment reduces inflammation and alters hair keratins in alopecia areata.

research Contrasting Localization of c-Myc with Other Myc Superfamily Transcription Factors in the Human Hair Follicle and During the Hair Growth Cycle

45 citations, April 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Different Myc family proteins are located in various parts of the hair follicle and may affect stem cell behavior.

research Prostanoid Receptors in Anagen Human Hair Follicles

39 citations, November 2007 in “Experimental dermatology”

Human hair follicles contain a complex network of prostanoid receptors that may influence hair growth.

research Pattern of Tissue Invasion by Propionibacterium Acnes in Acne Vulgaris

35 citations, March 2012 in “Journal of dermatological science”

The document concludes that advanced methods show the presence of P. acnes in acne lesions but do not prove it causes acne.

research Effect of Dihydrotestosterone on the Upregulation of Inflammatory Cytokines in Cultured Sebocytes

32 citations, December 2009 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Dihydrotestosterone increases certain inflammatory signals in skin cells, potentially contributing to acne.

research The Periosteal Requirement and Temporal Dynamics of BMP2-Induced Middle Phalanx Regeneration in the Adult Mouse

31 citations, June 2017 in “Regeneration”

BMP2 needs periosteal tissue to help regenerate mouse middle finger bones within a specific time.

research Touch Receptors Undergo Rapid Remodeling in Healthy Skin

31 citations, November 2016 in “Cell Reports”

Touch sensitivity in mouse skin decreases during hair growth due to changes in touch receptors.

research Differential Expression of Stem Cell Markers in Human Follicular Bulge and Interfollicular Epidermal Compartments

28 citations, March 2010 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology”

Different markers are found in stem cells of the scalp's hair follicle bulge and the surrounding skin.

research Survivin in the Human Hair Follicle

28 citations, August 2006 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Survivin protein is crucial for hair growth and preventing cell death in hair follicles.

Androgen Receptors Are Only Present in Mesenchyme-Derived Dermal Papilla Cells of Red Deer Neck Follicles When Raised Androgens Induce a Mane in the Breeding Season

research Androgen Receptors Are Only Present in Mesenchyme-Derived Dermal Papilla Cells of Red Deer Neck Follicles When Raised Androgens Induce a Mane in the Breeding Season

24 citations, March 2001 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology”

Red deer only have androgen receptors in neck hair cells for mane growth during breeding season.

research Retinoid Metabolism Is Altered in Human and Mouse Cicatricial Alopecia

22 citations, October 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Altered retinoid metabolism in cicatricial alopecia suggests a balanced vitamin A diet may prevent the condition.

research A Guide to Studying Human Dermal Adipocytes In Situ

21 citations, March 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology”

The guide explains how to study human skin fat cells and their tissue, aiming to improve research and medical treatments.

research CD34 Glycoprotein Identifies Putative Stem Cells Located in the Isthmic Region of Canine Hair Follicles

21 citations, July 2006 in “Veterinary dermatology”

CD34 marks potential stem cells in dog hair follicles.

research Ginsenoside Rg3 Up-Regulates the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Mouse Hair Follicles

20 citations, December 2013 in “PTR. Phytotherapy research/Phytotherapy research”

Ginsenoside Rg3 may help hair growth by increasing a growth-related protein in hair cells.

research The Functional Relevance of the Type 1 Cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 in Alopecia Areata of C3H/HeJ Mice

20 citations, November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

IFN-γ and IL-2 are important for T cell activation in hair loss in mice.

Histologic Progression of Acne Inversa/Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Implications for Future Investigations and Therapeutic Intervention

research Histologic Progression of Acne Inversa/Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Implications for Future Investigations and Therapeutic Intervention

19 citations, January 2021 in “Experimental dermatology”

Acne inversa is an epithelial-driven disease where inflammation is caused by cyst rupture, and treatments should focus on preventing tendril growth for better results.