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This study provided the first proteome dataset for alopecia areata, revealing novel pathways in the disease mechanisms that may lead to new therapeutic targets.

This review discusses how urban air pollutants may influence the regulation of JAK3 signaling in alopecia areata and reports no new experimental results; the authors integrate existing data to map potential pathways and biomarkers.

This review discusses sex differences in immune responses to COVID-19 and highlights that males tend to experience more severe symptoms and higher mortality but reports no new clinical findings.

This study suggests that vitamin D and calcium signaling are crucial for normal wound healing, with deficiencies in these pathways potentially delaying recovery due to diminished stem cell activity and response.

This study found that oral JAK3 and TYK2/JAK1 inhibitors improved clinical outcomes in alopecia areata patients by reducing immune responses and enhancing hair keratin expression, with stronger effects in those with shorter disease duration.

This review discusses sex-based differences in immune responses, focusing on genetic, hormonal, and microbiome factors influencing infections like COVID-19, and reports no clinical results.

This study found that systemic administration of NDP-MSH, a melanocortin receptor agonist, provided neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, reducing neuroinflammation and suggesting a role for regulatory T cells in these neuroprotective effects.

The authors discussed that SOCS1 and SOCS3's inhibition of JAKs plays a significant role in the development of JAK inhibitor drugs for skin inflammatory diseases and malignancies.

This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.

This study identified PTEN as a key regulator in non-healing venous leg ulcers, suppressing immune responses and lymphangiogenesis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for promoting VLU healing.

This study identified core genes and pathways involved in androgenetic alopecia, finding that genes related to hair follicle development are down-regulated, while those linked to immune responses are up-regulated, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

This review identifies shared interferon gamma-driven immune pathways in vitiligo and alopecia areata, revealing potential targets for new treatments, but reports no clinical results.

This study suggests that vitamin A influences the immune response and hair cycle, affecting the progression of alopecia areata in mouse models.

This study found that pediatric alopecia areata patients with atopic predisposition showed heightened immune and inflammatory responses, including significant immune cell infiltration, compared to adults and healthy controls.

This review discusses potential therapeutic options for frontal fibrosing alopecia by exploring distinct signaling pathways and cellular players, but reports no new clinical findings and emphasizes the need for further trials.

This study examined the genetic basis of alopecia areata by analyzing gene expression differences between patients and healthy controls, identifying critical pathways, hub genes, transcription factors, and miRNAs implicated in the disease, and suggesting potential targets for treatment.

This study observed that dandruff-affected scalp skin has increased T-cell infiltration in the epidermis and a reduction in the hair follicle's physiological immune privilege, particularly in the suprabulbar outer root sheath area, indicating a distinct immune microenvironment compared to healthy scalp.

Using high-throughput proteomics, this study identified 34 differentially expressed proteins in the lesional skin of adults with scalp psoriasis, suggesting a cytokine storm response linked to bacterial antigens.

This study explored how T cells interact with hair follicles in primary cicatricial alopecias by using spatial transcriptomics across mice, dogs, and human samples, revealing specific communication pathways and potential drug targets like CFD and S100A8/9 for future therapeutic research.

This review highlights the potential of natural compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols in promoting hair regrowth for those with alopecia areata by activating growth pathways and modulating immune responses, but calls for further research to confirm their therapeutic utility.

The researchers designed a Janus microneedle system for treating vitiligo, which targets the skin’s layers to regulate the immune response, promote melanocyte regeneration, and enhance pigment transfer, offering a new precise treatment approach for this condition.

This study found that impairments in cholesterol biosynthesis in hair follicles of primary cicatricial alopecia patients trigger an inflammatory immune response, potentially linking sterols to inflammation in the disease's pathogenesis.

This research aims to address gaps in understanding alopecia areata by evaluating the real-world effectiveness and safety of baricitinib, identifying predictors of therapeutic response, and exploring the long-term impact on life quality, including sexual health. Results are not reported in the abstract.

This review highlights that iron deficiency is a significant yet often overlooked contributor to the development of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases, suggesting that iron dysregulation may drive inflammation and metabolic imbalances in conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

In this study, researchers explored the immunological mechanisms involved in alopecia areata and suggested that targeting immune responses, particularly using JAK inhibitors and other immunomodulatory drugs, could help achieve stable remission and improve patients' quality of life.

This review discusses how immune mechanisms contribute to the regeneration and repair of epithelial tissues and highlights their potential role in both disease and therapeutic innovation; it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that in patients with alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis, 61.5% showed improvement with dupilumab treatment, but 38.5% experienced worsened or new-onset alopecia areata, with higher baseline IgE levels linked to better responses.

This study found that MEG3-miRNAs are key regulators of the age-dependent crimped wool trait in Tan sheep, likely influencing primary follicle development and degeneration through immune-inflammatory pathways.

In this review, summarized findings suggest that emerging targeted immunotherapies may offer promising treatment options for alopecia areata by addressing the breakdown of hair follicle immune privilege.

This study conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis revealing a complex chemokine profile in alopecia areata patients, with elevated Th1, Th2, and other immune pathway chemokines, suggesting broader immunomodulatory strategies may help address the disease's multifaceted immune dysregulation.