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In ex vivo organ culture of human scalp hair follicles, this study found that IL-9 signaling inhibits hair growth, reduces progenitor cell generation, and disrupts immune privilege.

This study found that IL-9 influences the behavior of human primary keratinocytes by promoting motility while reducing invasion potential through a novel mechanism independent of matrix-metalloproteinases.

In this study, a herbal extract mixture significantly reduced IL-1α gene expression in HaCaT cells, suggesting it may aid in the treatment of nonscarring alopecia.

This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

This study found that cytokine and EGF stimulation leads to increased MMP-9 production in hair follicles, a process involved in hair follicle involution associated with alopecia.

In this study, researchers found that ex vivo and in vivo administration of the TYK2 inhibitor BMS-986202 prevented immune privilege collapse and promoted hair regrowth in models of alopecia areata, suggesting this approach may offer a new therapeutic avenue deserving of clinical investigation.

This study found that a TYK2 inhibitor, BMS-986202, may restore immune privilege in hair follicles and promote hair regrowth in a humanized alopecia areata mouse model by inhibiting IL-12-mediated signaling.

This study found that chronic low-grade inflammation exists independently of excess weight or obesity in women with PCOS, with notable increases in specific cytokines such as IL-9, MCP-3, and MIP-1α.

This study suggests that frontal fibrosing alopecia is a highly inflammatory disease involving TH1 and JAK-STAT pathways, without reduced hair keratins, highlighting JAK-STAT signaling as a potential therapeutic target.

In this study, TCA peel was found to be the most effective treatment for stable non-segmental vitiligo among the modalities tested, and it increased both MMP-9 and IL-17 tissue levels.

This study suggests that in hidradenitis suppurativa, MMP-induced matrix alterations may contribute to inflammation by releasing active peptides and inflammatory factors in the extracellular matrix.

In this study, Astragaloside IV was found to inhibit apoptosis-related pathways in hair follicles of mice, suggesting it may serve as an alternative therapy for hair loss.

In this study, subcutaneous injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in burned rats significantly improved wound healing by reducing inflammation, scar formation, and wound size, and restoring normal skin structures.

This study found that NLRP1 in human melanoma cells promotes tumor growth by enhancing inflammasome activation and suppressing caspase-3 activity.

This study found that Punica granatum ethanolic leaf extract may alleviate skin fibrosis in rats by modulating inflammation-related pathways and reducing dermal alterations.

This review discusses the roles of various growth factors and cytokines in skin regeneration, highlighting their potential for future therapeutic development, and reports no new experimental findings.

This study found that interleukin-12 signals play a role in hair follicle immune privilege collapse in ex vivo alopecia areata models, and a TYK2 inhibitor may help prevent or reverse this process.

This review discusses recent genome-wide association studies identifying novel candidate genes for various forms of alopecia, providing insights into their pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms, but reports no new clinical results.

Alopecia totalis/universalis involves more intense immune activity and inflammation than patchy alopecia areata.

Collagen VII helps skin heal and stay strong, sirolimus may lower skin cancer risk in kidney transplant patients, high-molecular-mass hyaluronan helps naked mole rats resist cancer, dermal γδ T cells aid in hair growth in rodents, and overexpression of IL-33 in mouse skin causes itchiness, offering a model for studying allergic inflammation treatments.

This study found that para rubber seed oil, rich in specific fatty acids, effectively protected human epidermal coculture cells from UV-induced damage by reducing inflammatory markers and enzymes linked to photoaging, indicating its potential as a safe and innovative photoaging treatment.

This article reviews the current FDA-approved treatments for severe pediatric alopecia areata, including the use of Janus kinase inhibitors, but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that in chronic alopecia areata, increased IL-17 expression and CD8+CD49a-Trm cell infiltration in hair follicles were associated with more severe histopathologic gradings, while Foxp3+mTreg infiltration decreased.

In this study, three patients with extensive alopecia areata receiving ustekinumab treatment showed significant hair regrowth and decreased inflammation over 20 weeks, suggesting potential targeted treatment for this condition.

In this study, three patients with extensive alopecia areata showed varying degrees of hair regrowth after 20 weeks of treatment with ustekinumab, a cytokine-targeting therapy.

This review highlights the possible role of T regulatory cells in the immune-related mechanisms of alopecia areata but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that IFN-γ plays a critical role in T cell activation and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice.

This meta-analysis found that alopecia areata patients had significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α compared to healthy subjects, indicating a potential role of these cytokines in the condition's pathogenesis.

This study found that higher serum IL-21 levels may serve as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for alopecia areata, strongly correlating with disease activity.

This study identifies six novel keratin genes from the chromosome 17q21.2 region, suggesting their association with hair follicles, while all 27 keratin genes in the domain have been characterized transcriptionally.