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This chapter reviews studies on the side effects of cytostatics and immunosuppressive drugs, detailing various toxicities such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurotoxicity, but provides no new clinical results.

This study reports the creation of rat liver stem cell lines that can differentiate into hepatocytes and suggests they might be useful for pharmacological and regenerative medicine applications.

IL-27 may help prevent hair loss by creating immune-suppressing cells.

Brepocitinib improves cicatricial alopecia and reduces key immune markers.

In a mouse model of alopecia areata, this study found that IL-27 overexpression using an adeno-associated virus protected against disease development, potentially by promoting immunosuppressive T cells and reducing CD8 T cell infiltration into hair follicles.

This study found that in immunodeficient mice lacking T cells, certain innate lymphoid cell subsets increased and influenced the hair growth cycle, with specific ILC subsets shown to promote anagen, the active phase of hair growth.

This study found that mosaic mutations in the CARD14 gene are linked to inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus in two patients, who experienced significant improvement with the IL12/IL23 inhibitor Ustekinumab.

This research focuses on alopecia areata, highlighting the psychological impact, especially of its variant alopecia areata incognita, and provides diagnostic and treatment tips, but does not report specific results.

JAK inhibitors and platelet-rich plasma show promise for treating alopecia areata.

This review discusses the use of Janus kinase inhibitors for severe alopecia areata in Japan, noting their effectiveness in some patients but highlighting the need for new therapies due to non-responsiveness and relapse in others; it reports no new clinical results.

In this study, subcutaneous recombinant human IL-12 showed a 43% partial response rate in early-stage mycosis fungoides patients refractory to previous treatments, with generally mild to moderate adverse events reported.

The study reported that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of IL-17A and IL-2 compared to healthy controls, suggesting these interleukins may play an important role in the disease, though they did not correlate with its severity or duration.

This study found that rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle growth and regrowth in experimental settings and may have therapeutic potential for alopecia areata by restoring immune privilege guardianship.

This study found that patients with chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus had elevated serum levels of interleukin 31, suggesting a possible role of this cytokine in the condition.

This case report details a middle-aged man with multiple sclerosis who developed difficult-to-evaluate skin reactions after daclizumab treatment, noting only slight improvement with additional therapies.

IL-27 may help prevent hair loss in alopecia areata by promoting immunosuppressive T cells.

This study highlights rapid advances in alopecia areata treatment following the identification of genetic variants associated with increased disease risk, suggesting potential for precision medicine approaches.

This review explores the complex factors involved in alopecia areata, such as immune and genetic influences, and discusses advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, while reporting no new clinical results.

This consensus from the Taiwanese Dermatological Association suggests that for mild to moderate alopecia areata, first-line treatments may include topical or intralesional corticosteroids, possibly with topical minoxidil, while severe cases might require systemic corticosteroids or Janus kinase inhibitors.

In this study, researchers created a detailed human skin cell atlas by analyzing over 700,000 cells, finding that disrupted communication among specific immune and stromal cell subsets may play a key role in initiating and sustaining chronic skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis.

This study examined molecular predictors of ritlecitinib efficacy in treating alopecia areata, highlighting the role of JAK3-dependent inflammation and follicular integrity as important factors in understanding disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic effectiveness.

This study found that acne lesions and nonlesional skin in mild-to-moderate acne patients showed significant Th17-skewing and increased antimicrobials, suggesting systemic targets like IL-17/IL-23/IL-36 could be therapeutic.

This study developed a technique to limit genetic recombination to regulatory T cells to investigate whether self-tolerance is maintained in non-lymphoid tissues, an area previously not well understood.

This study found that repeated oral intake of 0.5 or 5 mg/kg of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles induced pulmonary toxicity in rats, with dose-dependent oxidative stress and inflammation observed, but no notable toxicity was seen at a 0.05 mg/kg dose.

This study reported that Longdan Xiegan decoction is more effective than conventional western medicine alone in treating eczema, but the evidence quality was generally low, highlighting the need for further studies.

This study highlights that biological therapy, which stimulates the immune system through various methods like cytokine injections and immune checkpoint inhibition, shows promise for treating melanoma based on laboratory and clinical studies.

This case report describes a 23-year-old woman with alopecia areata who developed new central nervous system demyelination after starting tofacitinib therapy; while the drug was associated with this neurological event, causality is not confirmed. The demyelination was reversible upon stopping the medication and administering corticosteroids.

This study found that oral administration of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide reduced tumor volume and improved survival in mice by modulating macrophage polarization and enhancing antitumor immune responses.

This study found that injecting mouse hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (moMSCORS) into C57BL/6 mice reduced the incidence and severity of type 1 diabetes by modulating immune responses, suggesting potential for therapeutic use due to their immunosuppressive effects.

This review discusses the potential of targeting Coenzyme A metabolism to restore metabolic balance, reduce chronic inflammation, and enhance immune function, particularly by modulating Vitamin B5 pathways involved in Th17-mediated inflammation and CD8-dependent anti-tumor immunity.