343 citations
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March 2016 in “Nature Communications” This study found that IL-17A-producing γδ T cells play a key role in bone fracture healing by promoting bone formation, with deficiencies leading to impaired repair in mice.
176 citations
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August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
59 citations
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June 2023 in “Nature Aging” This study observed that in aged mouse skin, there was an increase in IL-17-expressing T helper cells, γδ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and blocking IL-17 signaling reduced skin inflammation and delayed age-related changes, suggesting it as a potential target to mitigate skin aging.
9 citations
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July 2022 in “EMBO molecular medicine” This study found that targeting IL-6, IL-1, and CCR6 signaling pathways may effectively reduce irradiation-induced alopecia and dermatitis in radiotherapy patients.
December 2025 in “Nature Communications” In this study using mouse models, researchers found that elevated IL-17a in aged olfactory epithelium impairs olfactory function, while IL-17a inhibition promotes regeneration and mitigates age-related decline.
December 2025 in “Cureus” This study suggests that elevated levels of IL-17A and IL-23 in alopecia areata may play roles in disease severity and activity, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets.
February 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study reports that a new mouse model with a CARD14 mutation successfully mimics key human PRP symptoms, and anti-IL-17A antibody significantly reduces these symptoms.
278 citations
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March 2013 in “Gut” In this study, nearly 5% of anti-TNF-treated patients with IBD developed psoriasiform skin lesions, with smoking identified as a main risk factor, and ustekinumab proved highly effective in severe cases.
144 citations
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November 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” This study summarizes how the IL-23/IL-17 axis contributes to inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and highlights that biologics targeting this pathway, including monoclonal antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17, have shown efficacy in clinical trials for these conditions.
59 citations
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September 2021 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” This study found IL-17/IL-36 signaling to be predominant in both endotypes of Netherton syndrome, with distinct molecular profiles between NS-ILC and NS-SE lesions, offering potential therapeutic targets.
53 citations
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April 2021 in “Cell Host & Microbe” This study found that skin microbiota, particularly in wild-type mice, promotes wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis and wound healing, highlighting the potential downsides of routine antibiotic use on skin regeneration.
40 citations
,
July 2015 in “Kidney International” This study found that blocking interleukin-3 improved lupus nephritis symptoms in MRL/Ipr mice, suggesting IL-3 may play a role in the disease's progression.
34 citations
,
January 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study found that IL-25-mediated-IL-17RB signaling improved diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and endothelial cell function, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for poorly healing diabetic wounds.
32 citations
,
January 2024 in “The Journal of Experimental Medicine” This study found that CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets in mouse skin play a critical role in recruiting neutrophils and defending against S. aureus infection, with similar fibroblast activity observed in human psoriatic skin.
32 citations
,
December 2019 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” This study found that EGFR and MEK inhibitors may induce acneiform skin toxicities by interacting with the skin bacterium Cutibacterium acnes to increase IL-36γ and IL-8 production in keratinocytes.
23 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses the significance of IL-1 family cytokines in skin inflammation and pathology, emphasizing their interactions with microbes and potential therapeutic applications, but reports no new clinical results.
20 citations
,
December 2019 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” In this study, ustekinumab did not promote hair regrowth in human patients with alopecia areata or prevent disease development in an AA mouse model, suggesting limited efficacy for this treatment.
14 citations
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July 2021 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This study found that alopecia areata patients had higher baseline interleukin levels, which significantly decreased with tofacitinib treatment, though this change did not correspond to disease severity improvement.
11 citations
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March 2013 in “Gene” This study reported that the IL1A 4-bp indel polymorphism is associated with a reduced risk of alopecia areata in Chinese populations, possibly through miR-122 mediated regulation of IL-1α expression.
6 citations
,
October 2021 in “Biomedical Research and Therapy” This meta-analysis found that alopecia areata patients had significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α compared to healthy subjects, indicating a potential role of these cytokines in the condition's pathogenesis.
3 citations
,
January 2023 in “JEADV Clinical Practice” This study suggests that IL-17 may play a more significant role than IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of chronic alopecia areata, with increasing severity linked to Th17 lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration.
2 citations
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January 2024 in “Advances in Dermatology and Allergology” This study suggests a potential role for S100A7 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris.
2 citations
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September 2020 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” This review examines the role of IL-15 in alopecia areata treatment but reports no clinical results, as there are currently insufficient studies to determine its therapeutic potential.
April 2026 in “Biomedical Research and Therapy” This study found that certain genetic variants, specifically CYB5R1 and IL1A, may be linked to different types of acne scarring, with CYB5R1 associated with atrophic scarring and IL1A with fibrotic scarring, indicating a potential polygenic nature of acne scarring.
August 2024 in “Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)” In this study on mice, researchers observed that dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) plays a key role in regulating skin inflammation and tissue repair; however, reduced expression of certain cytokines in obese mice may hinder these processes, indicating potential metabolic disruptions in dWAT during inflammation.
July 2024 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” In this case-control study, the researchers found no significant association between IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata susceptibility among the Egyptian population.
December 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms do not have a significant association with alopecia areata susceptibility in the Egyptian population.
December 2023 in “International journal of multidisciplinary research and analysis” In this study, topical administration of secretome hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells gel increased IL-10 and decreased TNF-α gene expression in a fluconazole-induced alopecia-like model in rats, with the 40 μL dose having the most significant effect.
January 2022 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” This study found that higher serum IL-21 levels may serve as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for alopecia areata, strongly correlating with disease activity.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that acne lesions and nonlesional skin in mild-to-moderate acne patients showed significant Th17-skewing and increased antimicrobials, suggesting systemic targets like IL-17/IL-23/IL-36 could be therapeutic.