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This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

This study found that maternal iron-restricted diets increased alopecia incidence in IL-10-deficient mouse pups with mast cells, implicating mast cells as potential effectors in this process.

In this case-control study, the researchers found no significant association between IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata susceptibility among the Egyptian population.

This study found that IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms do not have a significant association with alopecia areata susceptibility in the Egyptian population.

In this study, topical administration of secretome hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells gel increased IL-10 and decreased TNF-α gene expression in a fluconazole-induced alopecia-like model in rats, with the 40 μL dose having the most significant effect.

This study summarizes how the IL-23/IL-17 axis contributes to inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and highlights that biologics targeting this pathway, including monoclonal antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17, have shown efficacy in clinical trials for these conditions.

This study found that UV exposure in human skin induces IL-10 production by macrophages, while Langerhans cells are depleted and their IL-12 production is downregulated.

This study found that blocking interleukin-3 improved lupus nephritis symptoms in MRL/Ipr mice, suggesting IL-3 may play a role in the disease's progression.

This review discusses the significance of IL-1 family cytokines in skin inflammation and pathology, emphasizing their interactions with microbes and potential therapeutic applications, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that IFN-γ plays a critical role in T cell activation and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice.

This study found that isolated red light may serve as an alternative for photo-immunotherapy without additional photosensitizers, as it did not reduce keratinocyte differentiation markers or increase photo-oxidative damage, unlike treatment with IL-4 or UVA1/blue light.

This meta-analysis found that alopecia areata patients had significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α compared to healthy subjects, indicating a potential role of these cytokines in the condition's pathogenesis.

This study observed that expanding regulatory T cells in the skin of mice with alopecia areata did not reverse the condition, indicating that additional immunotherapy may be necessary.

This pilot study found a correlation between individual genetic inflammation profiles and the effectiveness of PRP treatment for hair regeneration, with differences observed between male and female responses.

This study suggests a potential role for S100A7 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris.

IL-27 may help prevent hair loss by creating immune-suppressing cells.

This study suggests that low-dose IL-2 and IL-15 may help restore immune tolerance in alopecia areata by maintaining Treg cell function, presenting a potential new treatment strategy.

This study found that exosomes derived from hypoxia-conditioned mesenchymal stem cells modulated inflammatory biomarkers by decreasing CXCL12 and increasing IL-10 expression in a DHT-induced androgenic alopecia mouse model, indicating potential for treating hair loss through immunoregulation.

This study found that in patients with Alopecia Areata, CD27 and IL-35 levels were significantly higher in those with bacterial infections, suggesting they may be useful as immunological biomarkers.

This study suggests that elevated levels of IL-17A and IL-23 in alopecia areata may play roles in disease severity and activity, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets.

In this study on mice, researchers observed that dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) plays a key role in regulating skin inflammation and tissue repair; however, reduced expression of certain cytokines in obese mice may hinder these processes, indicating potential metabolic disruptions in dWAT during inflammation.

IL-27 may help prevent hair loss in alopecia areata by promoting immunosuppressive T cells.

In a mouse model of alopecia areata, this study found that IL-27 overexpression using an adeno-associated virus protected against disease development, potentially by promoting immunosuppressive T cells and reducing CD8 T cell infiltration into hair follicles.

This study suggests that administering SH-MSCs gel might decrease IL-6 expression and increase TGF-β expression in alopecia-like rats, indicating potential for alopecia therapy.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly lower frequencies of IL-10 producing CD19+CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells compared to healthy volunteers, suggesting a potential role for these cells in the autoimmune response seen in the condition.

This study reports that a new mouse model with a CARD14 mutation successfully mimics key human PRP symptoms, and anti-IL-17A antibody significantly reduces these symptoms.

This study evaluated interleukin-26's antimicrobial activity in Hidradenitis Suppurativa and explored its potential role in chronic skin inflammation.

This study discovered that DNA damage independently induces IL-19 and IL-24 cytokines, which regulate senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, suggesting potential pathways for treating cancer and age-related diseases.

This review discusses the potential of combining low-dose IL-2 with islet antigens to enhance antigen-specific Treg function in type 1 diabetes, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that feeding aged mice a probiotic yogurt induced changes leading to thicker, healthier fur, suggesting a bacteria-triggered interleukin-10-dependent mechanism that mimics signs of youth and reproductive fitness.