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This study suggests that in alopecia areata, innate lymphoid cells type 1 may contribute to the disease’s pathogenesis by inducing hair follicle changes similarly to CD8+ T cells.

In this study, researchers found that alopecia areata patients show a significant reduction in suppressive regulatory T-cells and an increase in inflammatory T-cell populations, suggesting an immunological imbalance contributing to the disease.

This review discusses the roles and characteristics of skin stem cells, their niches, and signaling pathways in skin maintenance, aging, and cancer, highlighting their potential in therapeutic applications but presenting no new clinical findings.

This study found a severe MBTPS2 gene mutation in a Japanese IFAP syndrome patient, suggesting other factors may influence the syndrome's clinical features compared to previously studied patients.

Curly and straight hair differ in how their internal fibers are arranged.

In this study, researchers found that minoxidil sulfate enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of the JAK inhibitor baricitinib in alopecia areata, modulating inflammatory signals and preserving immune privilege features in human hair cells, which suggests potential benefits for combined therapy.

This study used spatial transcriptomics to investigate T cell-hair follicle interactions in cutaneous lupus erythematosus across mice, dogs, and humans, finding that CXCR3+ T cells and B cells are enriched in lesional skin, with implications for potential therapeutic targets.

This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.

In this case-control study, individuals with alopecia areata showed significantly elevated levels of inflammatory markers IL-4, IFN-γ, and CRP, as well as reduced serum Folate and Ferritin, suggesting the condition's multifactorial pathophysiology involves immune activation, systemic inflammation, and micronutrient deficiencies.

In this study, researchers found that the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib helped normalize tissue-specific autoimmunity in APECED patients by reducing inflammation and immune cell accumulation, but it was also linked to subclinical side effects like anemia and weight gain.

This review discusses the use of Janus kinase inhibitors for severe alopecia areata in Japan, noting their effectiveness in some patients but highlighting the need for new therapies due to non-responsiveness and relapse in others; it reports no new clinical results.

This review highlights advancements in vitiligo treatment, noting improved diagnostic techniques and the emergence of targeted therapies like Janus Kinase inhibitors, which may offer more effective management of this complex autoimmune skin disorder.

In this review, researchers conclude that immune imbalance between regulatory and cytotoxic T cells, along with activation of IFN-γ–MHC and IL-15–NK pathways, disrupts hair follicle immune privilege, suggesting pivotal mechanisms in alopecia areata development and potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions.

This case report describes how anifrolumab, used beyond trial-eligible populations, led to significant clinical and serological recovery in a 45-year-old woman with organ-threatening systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by infection and resistant to conventional treatments like cyclophosphamide and rituximab.

In this single-cell transcriptomic study, researchers analyzed AA scalp samples and found distinct immune and nonimmune cell activation patterns, with elevated TH1/TH2 and JAK/STAT markers potentially contributing to hair follicle immune privilege disruption and disease severity.

This study systematically reviewed literature on paradoxical reactions during biologic treatments for psoriasis, identifying immune dysregulation mechanisms and diverse clinical manifestations, highlighting that mild cases often respond well to topical treatments, while severe cases may require switching to different IL-23 inhibitors.

This review synthesizes recent advancements in clinical trichology, highlighting updates on androgenetic alopecia treatments like low-dose oral minoxidil, 5α-reductase inhibitors, and other therapeutic options for various alopecia types, including telogen/anagen effluvium and alopecia areata, and detailed approaches for scarring alopecias and pediatric trichology.

BTNL2 helps protect hair follicles from immune attacks.

Combining MMP-9 and JAK inhibitors can effectively prevent skin depigmentation in vitiligo.

Dithranol reduces inflammation in alopecia areata by lowering certain immune responses.

This study conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis revealing a complex chemokine profile in alopecia areata patients, with elevated Th1, Th2, and other immune pathway chemokines, suggesting broader immunomodulatory strategies may help address the disease's multifaceted immune dysregulation.

In this scoping review and meta-analysis, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata show a complex serum chemokine profile, predominantly involving Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines, suggesting that broader immunomodulatory strategies might address the diverse immune dysregulation observed in the disease.

In this scoping review and meta-analysis, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata exhibit complex chemokine profiles, with elevated levels of Th1, Th2, and other immune pathway-associated chemokines, suggesting the potential for broad immunomodulatory strategies to address the disease's immune dysregulation.

Scarring alopecia involves increased immune cells and specific gene changes near damaged hair follicles.

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells play a key role in UVB-induced skin sensitivity and inflammation.

This review discusses the mechanisms underlying the collapse of hair follicle immune privilege in alopecia areata and emphasizes the importance of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring immune tolerance.

Reducing CD8+ T cell growth can stabilize alopecia areata.

This study observed that, among alopecia areata patients in Fujian, China, lower IgG4 levels and higher IFN-γ levels were statistically significant, suggesting their potential role as biomarkers for the condition and highlighting avenues for future therapeutic developments.

This study found that immune privilege is preserved in hair follicles of nonsegmental vitiligo patients compared to those with alopecia areata, potentially protecting follicular melanocytes from autoimmune attacks.

This study found that in a human skin organ culture model of pemphigus vulgaris, split formation led to significant upregulation of IFNγ and TNFα-related genes, indicating secondary effects from mechanical stress, not direct changes from autoantibodies.