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Gender-affirming hormone treatments need better patient-focused outcome measurements and standardized data collection.

Adrenal disorders can cause lasting brain and behavior issues in children.

Some vitamins, amino acids, and alternative medicines can cause serious side effects, including bone, muscle, and skin issues, and healthcare professionals should be aware of these risks.

Cyclosporine-A can cause serious blood clots in the brain, so patients need careful monitoring.

Childhood obesity is rising globally due to various factors, and early prevention and healthy lifestyle changes are crucial.

A woman's chronic headaches and hair loss were cured by treating her syphilis.

Diuretics can cause serious side effects and should be used carefully.

Obesity affects skin health, causing conditions like acanthosis nigricans and may require different treatment approaches.

Doctors need to be better prepared to assess and treat obesity in patients.

Bariatric surgery may help severely obese teenagers but has risks and requires careful patient selection and long-term care.

Some conditions mimic PCOS symptoms and need careful diagnosis to treat potentially serious health issues.

Use some skin medications with caution during pregnancy; avoid strong steroids, certain eczema treatments, and systemic retinoids, but many topical treatments and nasal sprays are safe.

Blocking 11β-HSD1 can lessen the harmful effects of glucocorticoids on hair growth cells.

Most drugs fail to reach the market, but understanding their properties and using strategies like early toxicity tests and drug repurposing can help advance their development.

Some drugs have gained approval for new uses, while others like tricyclic antidepressants and aspirin show promise but aren't yet approved for these uses.

Isotretinoin is a preferred treatment for severe acne, often leading to long-term improvement, but requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects.

Oral isotretinoin may slightly improve acne but increases the risk of side effects like dry lips and skin; more research is needed to understand its full risks and benefits.

Acne treatment with isotretinoin increases the presence of p53, a protein, in skin and oil glands, which may help reduce acne severity.

The document concludes that more research is needed to reduce frequent hospital visits, addiction medicine education improves with specific training, early breast cancer surgery findings are emerging, nipple smears are not very accurate, surgery for older melanoma patients doesn't extend life, a genetic condition in infants can often be treated with one drug, doctors are inconsistent with blood clot medication, a certain gene may protect against cell damage, muscle gene overexpression affects many other genes, and some mitochondrial genes are less active in mice with tumors.

Some acne medications have side effects; doctors should educate patients and may not need to do frequent lab tests for all.

Spironolactone may cause increased brain pressure in some patients.

Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.

The document concludes that new treatments are needed to better manage acne and reduce side effects related to current therapies.

Acitretin is effective for severe psoriasis and can be used long-term due to no immunosuppression, but must be carefully monitored for side effects and is not for pregnant women.

Systemic retinoids are effective for psoriasis but have side effects; benefits may outweigh risks, especially when reducing cancer risks from other treatments.

Some oral medications may help treat central serous chorioretinopathy, especially eplerenone, but more research is needed.

Acne and increased body hair in teenage girls are normal but severe cases may need hormone evaluation and treatment can prevent diabetes linked to PCO.

Spironolactone is a low-cost, effective, and generally safe treatment for various skin conditions related to hormones.

The document explains the difficulty in diagnosing and treating brain diseases caused by the immune system and stresses the need for quick and accurate tests.

Acitretin is effective for severe skin conditions but has significant side effects and requires careful monitoring.