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The document concludes that the hCG protocol may help in obesity treatment and could be scientifically justified, but more research is needed.

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, may contribute to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) by altering the female brain's structure and function, with kisspeptin neurons and GABA neurotransmitters also playing a role.

High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Spermidine helps protect against aging by preserving telomere length.

Moderately high prolactin levels do not cause hair loss in women.

Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.

Damaging mutations in NFKB2 cause a severe and distinct form of primary immunodeficiency with early-onset and often ACTH-deficiency.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, can affect all endocrine organs and systems, altering their function and potentially leading to disorders. Factors like diabetes and obesity increase infection risk and severity. Understanding these effects is key for effective treatment.

A pineal tumor caused a boy's early puberty, which changed from peripheral to central after treatment.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a rare inherited disease causing hormone imbalances, affecting growth, fertility, and heart health, diagnosed through blood tests and treated with medication and lifestyle changes.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

Testosterone is key for male sexual function, and treating hormone imbalances can improve sexual issues.

Too much male hormone in mothers can negatively affect the sexual behavior of both male and female baby mice.

New tools show that in fish, NPY increases feeding and somatostatin decreases it.

Androgen receptors in the mouse brain may explain cognitive and mood changes in prostate cancer treatment.

A boy with early puberty and laughing seizures was treated, stopping seizures and slowing puberty.

The hypothesis suggests that PCOS may start early in life due to genetic and environmental factors, influencing future reproductive and metabolic problems.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.

Electro-acupuncture may help treat PCOS in rats by changing brain DNA methylation.

The document concludes that Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea should be carefully diagnosed and managed to prevent health complications, using lifestyle changes and specific medications.

Most female students at Qassim University know about PCOS, but there are still misunderstandings about it.

Long-term use of difluprednate eye drops in dogs can lead to hair loss and hormone imbalance.

Thyroid-related genes are active in skin cells and may affect autoimmune conditions.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.