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The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.

The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

Managing metabolic syndrome needs both lifestyle changes and medical treatments.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

MicroRNAs are crucial in controlling cell signaling, affecting cancer and tissue regeneration.

Finasteride reduces urinary issues and surgery need in men with enlarged prostates by over 50%.

Finasteride effectively treats BPH but may increase sexual dysfunction risk.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women that can cause metabolic, reproductive, and psychological issues, and requires lifestyle changes and medication for management.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Terazosin and finasteride effectively treat BPH, but combining them adds no extra benefit.

Chemotherapy in the first trimester of pregnancy is risky, but in the second and third trimesters, it's generally safe with careful drug selection and timing.

Removing the ATR gene in adult mice causes rapid aging and stem cell loss.

PCOS affects a similar percentage of Black and White women in the Southeastern United States.

Hair growth is cyclic and influenced mainly by local factors.

Photobiomodulation therapy using red and near-infrared light can reduce inflammation and aid in healing various conditions.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Rosacea is a skin condition with unclear causes, classified into four subtypes.

Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.

Turning white fat into brown-like fat could help fight obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.

Minoxidil boosts hair growth by opening potassium channels and increasing cell activity.

Corticosteroids, especially prednisone, improve short-term muscle strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy but have manageable side effects.

PCOS affects about 4% of women in the southeastern U.S. equally across Black and White populations.

Cushing's syndrome can cause serious health problems, and early treatment is crucial, but some issues may remain after treatment.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Videodermoscopy improves diagnosis of hair and scalp disorders and may reduce scalp biopsies.

Different types of fibroblasts play various roles in diseases and healing, and more research on them could improve treatments.