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In this case study, a postmenopausal woman with symptoms of virilization was diagnosed with a rare ovarian Leydig cell tumor, and surgical removal led to a resolution of her hyperandrogenism and related symptoms, highlighting the importance of thorough differential diagnosis in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism.

This study found a high prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS, with distinct biochemical differences according to BMI and presence of hyperandrogenemia.

This paper discusses four rare causes of hyperandrogenism in women, emphasizing the importance of detailed biochemical testing and invasive diagnostic tools when imaging fails to identify ovarian tumors.

This review examines the causes and characteristics of androgen excess in postmenopausal women, but reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize challenges in diagnosis and potential long-term health impacts.

This case report describes a postmenopausal woman with hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia, where imaging ruled out malignancy and selective venous sampling indicated increased testosterone from the right adrenal vein, leading to a recommendation for right adrenalectomy and oophorectomy.

In this study, polycystic ovary syndrome was the most prevalent cause of androgen excess, and suppressive hormonal therapy improved hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, and acne in most patients, though side effects were common.

This case report highlights a rare diagnosis of an androgen-secreting adrenal tumor in a patient with hyperandrogenism and virilization symptoms, emphasizing the role of gynecologists in early detection.

This case report describes a rare instance of hyperandrogenism and increased hirsutism associated with endometrial cancer in a postmenopausal woman, with symptoms resolving and androgen levels normalizing after a total laparoscopic abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy.

This case report describes a 69-year-old woman with hirsutism and elevated serum testosterone, where surgery resolved symptoms and serum testosterone, suggesting ovarian steroid cell tumor consideration in similar profiles.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of hirsutism and related diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome in Korean women, but reports no new clinical results.

In this case report, a 66-year-old postmenopausal woman with hyperandrogenism and alopecia underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, which revealed rare synchronous ovarian tumors causing virilization, highlighting the importance of surgical exploration despite normal imaging.

This article reviews androgen excess and cardiometabolic risks in women, highlighting increased cardiovascular disease risk in those with polycystic ovary syndrome, but reports no new clinical results.

This article reviews the diagnosis of hyperandrogenism in PCOS, discussing its clinical and biochemical components, but reports no new clinical results.

This case report describes a woman with virilization syndrome who experienced a reduction in androgen levels and reversal of alopecia after removal of a Leydig cell tumor from her ovary.

In this study, among women with polycystic ovary syndrome, free testosterone was most frequently elevated, highlighting its importance in biochemical assessment and suggesting the need for age-related interpretation of DHEAS levels.

Hair loss in postmenopausal women due to ovarian hyperthecosis is rare, but removing the ovaries can significantly improve the condition.

In this study, hyperandrogenemia was observed in 78.2% of Greek women with polycystic ovary syndrome, with testosterone being the most commonly elevated androgen and acne the most frequent clinical feature.

This case report suggests that ovarian steroid cell tumors should be considered in postmenopausal women with hirsutism and elevated testosterone, with surgery being effective in resolving symptoms and preventing recurrence.

Evaluate and manage androgen excess in women with a systematic approach, considering both physical and psychological impacts.

Hyperandrogenism in women often causes acne and excess hair, treatable with lifestyle changes and medications.

This case report describes the rare association of an ovarian Leydig cell tumor and primary hyperparathyroidism in a postmenopausal woman, highlighting the importance of considering rare causes in patients with virilizing symptoms.

This case study reported that even with improved adrenal androgens and testosterone levels, treating women with AH-PCOS with glucocorticoids did not significantly improve ovulatory function or hirsutism.

This case report describes a 61-year-old female with hyperandrogenic symptoms, where an ovarian hemangioma with stromal luteinization was identified and surgically removed, resulting in improved symptoms.

This study reports a case of an ovarian steroid cell tumor with malignant potential, presenting unusually with osteopenia and low weight instead of the expected virilizing symptoms.

This case study reports that a 16-year-old girl with hirsutism and menstrual irregularities was diagnosed with a benign steroid cell ovarian tumor, after high testosterone levels indicated a potential androgen-secreting source.

This case study reports that medical imaging of the ovaries may not always conclusively identify the cause of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, as demonstrated by a patient with a rare condition.

This article discusses ovarian steroid cell tumors, which can produce testosterone and manifest symptoms like hirsutism, emphasizing surgery as the primary treatment, but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that approximately 75% of women with PCOS exhibited hyperandrogenemia, with free testosterone being the most frequently elevated marker.

In this case report, researchers described a postmenopausal woman with virilization symptoms who was diagnosed with a Leydig cell tumor in her ovary, and symptoms improved following tumor removal. The authors highlighted the diagnostic challenge of differentiating such cases from age-related hormonal changes.