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IFN-γ and IL-2 are important for T cell activation in hair loss in mice.

Oral tofacitinib can treat both psoriasis and alopecia universalis by normalizing inflammatory pathways.

Adjusting the medication tacrolimus resolved a boy's red nail beds after a stem cell transplant.

A 70-year-old woman with a rare skin condition improved after treatment with topical steroids and acitretin.

Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.

People with alopecia areata may be more likely to have a certain type of hearing loss.

Dupilumab can improve both atopic dermatitis and alopecia universalis.

Early intervention and patient education are crucial for managing alopecia areata.

Lower adrenal hormone levels may cause hair loss in postmenopausal women, certain patterns help diagnose nail cancer, and a gene variant linked to higher skin cancer risk in kidney transplant patients suggests monitoring folate levels.

The document concludes that treatments like oral anti-androgens, minoxidil, and topical spironolactone can be effective for hair loss in men and women.

Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant can cause permanent hair loss.

People with polycystic ovary syndrome have a higher chance of having chronic thyroiditis.

Topical diphencyprone helped regrow hair in mice and rats with a condition similar to human hair loss.

The document concludes that hair analysis is not good for assessing nutrition but can detect long-term heavy metal exposure.

People with alopecia areata often have lower iron levels than healthy people.

Hair papilla cells are crucial for blood vessel development in hair follicles, affecting hair growth and loss.

The document concludes that Borrelia afzelii causes a skin condition in France, a gene is linked to hair loss in Caucasian women, and various genetic mutations affect skin diseases.

The exam tested knowledge on various skin-related topics for CME credit.

Most people with systemic lupus erythematosus have skin problems, and skin symptoms are often the first sign of the disease.

A woman with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus had widespread skin symptoms triggered by medication and sunlight, which improved with specific treatments.

Pregnancy can cause specific skin conditions that need correct diagnosis and treatment to protect both mother and baby.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune hair loss condition treated with corticosteroids, and histologic confirmation is the best diagnosis method.

The document concludes that immune system abnormalities cause alopecia areata, but the exact process is still not completely understood.

Minoxidil can cause deadly skin reaction; monitor patients closely.

Greying hairs may be protected from alopecia areata.

Syphilis can cause hair loss and should be considered in unexplained cases.

A Korean woman with complete hair loss regrew her hair after taking tofacitinib, with no side effects.

A five-month-old boy with Omenn syndrome successfully recovered after a stem cell transplant with reduced intensity conditioning.

CD8+ T cells play a key role in graft-versus-host disease in certain mice models.

Two siblings both had a rare case of alopecia areata at the same time.