October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's increased facial hair and hair loss were caused by a rare ovarian tumor, cured by surgery.
December 2005 in “Endocrine-related cancer” A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.
33 citations,
January 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.
2 citations,
February 2021 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” A teenage girl had both a rare ovarian tumor and a severe form of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
21 citations,
January 2021 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone may have a dual role in COVID-19, potentially worsening outcomes in men, and testosterone therapy could help some patients, but more research is needed.
162 citations,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
72 citations,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
25 citations,
March 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.
8 citations,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
49 citations,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The combination of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is highly effective in preventing sperm production and could be a good reversible male contraceptive.
39 citations,
January 2019 in “The World Journal of Men's Health” Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.
5 citations,
October 2018 in “Sains Malaysiana” Testosterone reduces key molecules needed for early pregnancy in rats.
5 citations,
June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
282 citations,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
44 citations,
January 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Longer CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.
53 citations,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Androgens like testosterone affect hair growth and oil production differently across body parts and individuals.
28 citations,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.
20 citations,
April 2021 in “Journal of Womens Health” Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.
17 citations,
May 2019 in “Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews” High fasting insulin levels in women with PCOS are linked to a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
2 citations,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.
2 citations,
March 2004 in “Reviews in Gynaecological Practice” Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.
45 citations,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
20 citations,
January 2003 in “Treatments in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.
12 citations,
December 2020 in “Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology” Hormone levels in hair change during pregnancy, with progesterone increasing significantly compared to non-pregnant women.
10 citations,
January 2019 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly increase sexual desire in women with HSDD but lacks broad recommendation due to safety concerns and limited approval.
7 citations,
January 2003 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.
6 citations,
August 2009 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” Different drugs can treat high male hormone levels in women, but they have various effects and some may harm a fetus.
1 citations,
June 2021 in “Journal of pharmacopuncture” CBD may help restore hair growth-related protein levels in alopecia caused by hormones or other factors.
49 citations,
November 2019 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” Certain gene variants may contribute to high androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.