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This chapter reviews genetic defects in female sexual differentiation, focusing on 46,XX disorders of sex development and the impact of genetic factors and sex steroids on development, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the pharmacological properties and physiological regulation of neuroactive steroids, focusing on their varied responses to stress and ethanol in rats, mice, and humans, but it reports no new findings.

This article reviews the metabolic and endocrine complexities of PCOS, emphasizing the importance of lifestyle changes and medical management in addressing its various symptoms and complications, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the evolution of diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome and emphasizes its association with various metabolic and cardiovascular risks, but it provides no new research findings.

This review discusses the diagnosis and treatment of hirsutism, emphasizing that a systematic evaluation can determine its cause, while combination therapy effectively manages the condition for most patients.

In this study of women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia, diverse underlying endocrine disorders including polycystic ovaries and various enzyme deficiencies were detected, often associated with elevated testosterone levels.

This study found that approximately 75% of women with PCOS exhibited hyperandrogenemia, with free testosterone being the most frequently elevated marker.

This review discusses the role of hormones in acne vulgaris and highlights the need for further research on their mechanisms of action; it reports no new clinical results.

This paper discusses polycystic ovary syndrome with a focus on androgen excess as the primary symptom and notes that insulin resistance may contribute to it in many patients, but provides no new research findings.

This study found that patients with acne vulgaris had higher serum IGF-1 levels and more intense FoxO1 and mTOR expression than controls, suggesting their role in acne pathogenesis.

This study found that menstrual irregularity is common in women with acromegaly, with high GH levels, estrogen deficiency, and larger tumors correlating with more severe irregularity.

This review discusses the age-related diagnostic challenges and comorbidities of polycystic ovarian syndrome and provides no new clinical findings; the authors emphasize the role of obesity in insulin resistance among affected women.

This article discusses the association between hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting the need for managing related risk factors, but reports no new clinical results.

This study suggests that sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue functions may be linked to androgen levels, as women with PCOS demonstrated a more masculine adipokine expression pattern.

This review discusses treatment options for female pattern hair loss, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and the benefits of combined therapies, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, shorter CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene were associated with lower dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione levels, but a higher prevalence of acne and hirsutism.

This review summarizes various treatment options for polycystic ovary syndrome, noting that while some treatments address specific symptoms, no single therapy fully resolves the condition.

This article reviews the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of premature adrenarche and suggests it may predict future ovarian hyperandrogenism in some adolescents; no new clinical results are reported.

This review discusses factors affecting fertility in both men and women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and emphasizes individualized preconception management but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the role of cholesterol homeostasis in hair follicle biology and its potential connections to various hair disorders, but it reports no new findings.

This article discusses the discovery of the first known menstruating rodent, the spiny mouse, and proposes that a significant increase in progesterone during the luteal phase is a unique feature of menstruating species, but reports no new experimental results.

This article discusses nutritional contributions to hair health and highlights the need for identifying risk factors for deficiencies but reports no new clinical findings.

This paper discusses the link between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and health issues like infertility and cardiovascular diseases, caused by both genetic and environmental factors, but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that mice lacking myelin protein zero-like 3 (Mpzl3) had reduced body weight and adiposity despite increased food intake, which was linked to higher energy expenditure and improved glycemic control.

This case report describes a 60-year-old woman with an ovarian Leydig cell tumor leading to elevated testosterone levels and hirsutism, highlighting the need to consider androgen-secreting tumors in similar postmenopausal cases.

This review explores the evaluation and treatment of hirsutism, emphasizing a systematic approach to uncovering its causes and recommending combination therapies for effective management, but presents no new results.

This review examines various immunomodulatory therapies for cutaneous lymphoma and notes that they are most effective in the disease's early stages.

This review discusses hormonal changes during menopause, emphasizing the relative androgen excess and the role of insulin resistance, and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the similarities in clinical, endocrine, and ultrasonographic features between PCOS and other disorders with excessive androgen secretion, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the changes in androgen levels with age in women and the potential benefits of testosterone replacement therapy as part of hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women, but it reports no new clinical results.