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This review discusses the history, structure, and biological significance of keratins, including the crystal structure of a keratin helical segment, without reporting new experimental results.

This study found that the primary mechanism behind hair relaxation in Afro-hair is the alkali-induced denaturation of helical filaments, leading to spontaneous straightening.

This study found that keratin fibers like human hair undergo thermal and mechanical transitions that can help assess changes from cosmetic processes such as bleaching and perm-waving.

This study found that while molecular hair structures were nearly identical across individuals, genetic factors seem to influence specific lipid compositions, as seen in identical-patterned hair from parent-child pairs and identical twins, but not fraternal twins.

This study detailed the structure and amino acid composition of sheep trichohyalin, noting its presence in various tissues and suggesting a possible functional role beyond structural support in hair follicles.

This study found that permanent waving treatment partially disrupts the α-helical structure in human hair microfibrils, primarily during the initial reduction phase, rather than just affecting disulphide bonds.

This study identified a mutation hotspot in the caracul (Ca) locus of mice, implicating the mK6irs1/Krt2-6g gene in hair formation and potentially human hair and skin diseases.

This study found that disulfide bonds in keratin increase its strength and toughness, with some loss of α-helical structure under load, highlighting their role in trichocyte α-keratin's mechanical properties.

This study identified trichohyalin as an early differentiation marker in hair follicles, with potential structural roles related to alpha-helical formations, based on the partial characterization of its cDNA in sheep.

This study found that human hair cuticle and cortex have different protein structures, with beta-sheet and disorder configurations in the cuticle and alpha-helical structures in the cortex.

This study observed that repeated perm treatments decrease disulfide bonds in hair due to their conversion largely into cysteic acid, affecting the waving efficiency depending on the reduction agent used.

This study found that adding dithiodiglycolic acid to the hair straightening process decreased chemical damage and preserved the structural integrity of the hair matrix compared to using thioglycolic acid alone.

This study extracted water-soluble keratin particles from chicken feathers and verified their structural properties, observing no irritative potential on hen's eggs and positive physiological effects on human skin cells, suggesting their suitability for use on damaged or irritated skin.

In this study, researchers developed enzymatic methods to isolate hair cuticle cells and remove the hair cuticle layer, finding that the harvested cuticle cells are thermally more stable and contain different structural proteins compared to descaled hair fibers.

mHa2 and mHa3 keratins have different structures and roles in mouse hair and tongue tissues.

This study presents computational modeling and experimental analysis of the HGT protein KAP8.1, identifying key structural features that may influence hair's response to environmental conditions.

This study found that permanent wave treatment accelerates hair degradation after protease exposure, showing significant morphological differences compared to untreated hair and linked to damage from Alpha-helical region denaturation.

Hard α-keratin in hair has a unique, nonordered structure, different from other fibers.

This study identified a new gene involved in woolly hair by linking a homozygous variant in KRT25 to autosomal recessive woolly hair in two Pakistani families.

This article reviews the composition and structure of mammalian hard keratins, focusing on the filamentous and nonfilamentous protein content, and reports no new experimental results.

In this study, carboxymethylalanyl disulfide keratin was shown to effectively prevent hair damage during repeated bleaching and permanent waving treatments.

This study suggests that human trichohyalin may function as a flexible rod linking keratin intermediate filaments and as a scaffold protein in hair follicle and epidermis cell envelopes.

This study reports that trichocyte intermediate filaments from rat vibrissae and human hair follicles may contain a hollow region at their core, suggesting unique structural properties.

This study identified a new 65 kD and 48 kD keratin pair expressed in specific mouse epithelial sites, suggesting a unique evolutionary branch of hair-related keratins.

This study observed that hair fibers in older women become more curved with age, decreasing hair luster due to their disordered alignment and structural differences between the convex and concave sides.

This study observed that in chicken skin, large-scale differences in gene expression between feathered and scaly skin are controlled by enhancer-driven uniform expression, while small-scale differences within individual feathers are associated with chromatin looping.

This review discusses the role of keratins in epithelial cell stress protection and cancer, highlighting their potential as multifunctional regulators and diagnostic markers, without presenting new research findings.

This narrative review discusses the advantages of bidirectional barbed sutures in wound closure, such as faster placement and no need for knots, but reports no new clinical results.

The document concludes that various treatments, including laser therapy, are effective for managing pseudofolliculitis barbae, especially in darker skin types.

This study found that hair diameter varies significantly within the occipital safe donor area, with thicker hair in the upper sections and thinner hair in the lower sections.