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Hair loss, known as Androgenetic Alopecia, is often caused by hormones and can be diagnosed using noninvasive techniques. Treatments include topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, with new treatments being explored. There may also be a link between this type of hair loss and heart disease risk.

A patient with myotonic dystrophy had several autoimmune disorders and thyroid cancer, suggesting a possible link between these conditions.

Good nutrition is crucial for health and preventing disease, and supplements can help prevent nutrient deficiencies.

Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

The Cochrane Database published its 5000th review in 2012, covering various health topics and updating conclusions based on new research.

In 2011, there were major scientific breakthroughs in cancer treatment, immunity, Parkinson's, virus simulation, schizophrenia, hair growth, lung cancer, and medical grafts.

Beta-blockers and anti-anginal medications have various side effects and interactions that require careful monitoring and individualized treatment.

Photobiomodulation therapy using red and near-infrared light can reduce inflammation and aid in healing various conditions.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling controls cell development and repair, and its malfunction can cause disorders and cancer, but it also offers potential for targeted therapies.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

The conclusion is that endocrinology significantly impacts medicine with various common medications used for treatment.

Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.

Certain gene variations might help protect against insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in people with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Minoxidil overdose caused severe low blood pressure, but the patient recovered with specific treatments.

A girl with Becker naevus syndrome has a genetic variant in the ACTB gene related to her symptoms.

Early balding in men is linked to metabolic syndrome, so screening is important for prevention.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Eating fewer calories, less sugar and refined carbs, and more low-glycemic and omega-3 rich foods can help manage PCOS symptoms.

New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.

Hair loss linked to metabolic issues and insulin resistance; early assessment may reduce future health risks.

Insulin resistance is linked to high male hormone levels in women, often seen in those with PCOS.

The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.

New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.

Skin tags in obese individuals may indicate higher cardiovascular risk.