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This study showed that in C3H/HeJ mice, focal follicular inflammation starts before overt hair loss, with inflammation severity possibly reaching a threshold causing hair follicle dystrophy prior to visible hair loss.

This research found that reduced expression of SIRT1 in human scalp tissue may contribute to alopecia areata development by inducing immune-inflammatory responses in hair follicle cells, suggesting that SIRT1 plays a regulatory role in hair follicle immunity.

This report presents a case where female pattern hair loss might be linked to tamoxifen use, with increased androgen receptor expression observed in the affected scalp area.

This report describes a case where dermoscopy of shed hair helped diagnose post-COVID acute telogen effluvium by revealing depigmented club-shaped bulbs, highlighting its potential as a noninvasive diagnostic tool.

This study found that loss of contact between the arrector pili muscle and the hair follicle bulge may explain why hair loss in male and female pattern baldness is largely irreversible, unlike in alopecia areata.

This study investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in alopecia areata and found that outer root sheath cells may contribute to inflammation by increasing IL-1β and HMGB1 secretion when stimulated with double-stranded RNA.

This study found that JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitors increase β-catenin activity in human hair follicle cells, suggesting an additional therapeutic mechanism for treating severe alopecia areata.

This study supports that an antibody response against anagen-specific hair follicle antigens, including trichohyalin and keratin 16, may play a role in alopecia areata.

This study found that human hematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells increased the viability and migration of human outer root sheath cells in an in vitro alopecia areata model, involving Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways.

This study found that premature desquamation of the inner root sheath is a non-specific histologic feature in scarring alopecia and cannot be used alone to define central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.

This manuscript reviews the multifaceted causes of female hair loss, including hormonal imbalances and nutrient deficiencies, and suggests that non-pharmaceutical options like saw palmetto and curcumin show promise in enhancing hair density, though further studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

Specific immune cells cause alopecia areata and blocking certain proteins can prevent it.

This retrospective study found that juvenile alopecia areata is more severe and has a worse prognosis than maturity-onset alopecia areata.

This study used infrared spectral imaging to show for the first time the distribution of glypican-4 and glypican-6 in hair follicles across different growth phases, highlighting the potential of this technique for studying alopecia.

In this study, researchers found that patients with non-scar alopecia exhibited thinner hair sacs and root sheaths compared to a control group, with significant thinning observed in cases of alopecia areata.

This study suggests that decreased expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 in hair follicle cells may contribute to glucocorticoid resistance in some alopecia areata patients by affecting the intracellular redox system.

This study observed that in mouse hair follicles, enzymes Aldh1a2 and Aldh1a3 have distinct expression patterns that suggest they are involved in different signaling pathways during the hair cycle.

This study found that alcoholic extracts of Cinchona succirubra, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Brassica juncea, and Sophora flavescens promoted hair growth in 5-week-old mice.

This study found that apoptosis, along with proliferation, plays a crucial role in shaping and extending human hair follicles by coordinating the formation and differentiation of the hair canal.

The researchers reported that applying proteolytic enzymes to mice skin negatively affected hair follicles, leading to degeneration and potential impairment of stem cells from the bulge area.

This study found that elevated beta-hydroxybutyrate levels may worsen the inflammatory immune response in alopecia areata patients and could indicate a poor prognosis with chronic hair loss.

This study found that in female patients with telogen effluvium, club hair in the isthmus region was longer than in those with alopecia areata, offering insights into hair morphology differences.

In this study, researchers found two distinct stem cell reservoirs in human hair follicles that require mesenchymal cells for stem cell proliferation.

This review explores hypotheses about hair follicle stem cell function in morphogenesis and cycling, highlights the importance of dermal papilla cells and signaling pathways, and provides no new clinical findings.

BTNL2 helps protect hair follicles from immune attacks.

This study observed that in human scalp hair follicles, BTNL2 expression is lower in stressed conditions, which correlates with increased cytotoxic activity by gamma/delta and CD8+ T cells, suggesting a possible role for BTNL2 in controlling immune responses relevant to alopecia areata.

The study observed that in women, the number of hair follicles with an internal root sheath decreases with age in the parietal region, also hinting at a reduction in hair follicle and shaft width.

This review discusses the complexity of identifying hair follicle antigens involved in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further research on autoantigen identity.

This pilot study suggests that lovastatin may counteract stress-induced MICA expression in hair follicles and enhance MICA shedding, potentially offering a complementary approach for alopecia areata treatment.