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This review discusses the potential of extracellular vesicles as cell-free tools in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, noting their emerging role in promoting tissue repair without the risk of host rejection.

This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in dermatology for therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic purposes, highlighting the lack of validated findings and the necessity for more rigorous clinical trials.

This review explores the potential of extracellular vesicle therapy as a novel strategy to delay intervertebral disc degeneration and enhance tissue repair, by modulating key pathogenic mechanisms, with a focus on the molecular components and bioengineering modifications of extracellular vesicles.

This study demonstrated that a novel hydrogel combining extracellular vesicles from chemically induced mammary epithelial cells with chitosan significantly enhanced skin wound healing in a rat model.

This paper reviews the emerging potential of menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine, highlighting their promise for treating several diseases without providing new clinical results.

This review analyzed 12 clinical studies on extracellular vesicle therapies, finding potential benefits for skin aging, acne scars, alopecia, and wound healing, but highlighted significant challenges like production standardization and lack of large-scale studies.

This review discusses the potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for improving diabetic wound healing and highlights their mechanisms, limitations, and challenges, but provides no new clinical findings.

This study found that low androgen levels in rat penile endothelial cells were associated with a decrease in eNOS-expressing extracellular vesicles and reduced nitric oxide production.

This review discusses the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and modern technologies like 3D bioprinting but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, iPSC-derived epidermal organoids demonstrated potential as a novel tool for regenerative medicine by producing high-performance extracellular vesicles that promote proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in cell-free therapies for wound healing.

This review found that vesicle-based therapies, including mammalian MSC-derived and plant-derived vesicles, consistently promote wound healing in preclinical models of thermal injury and may offer a safer alternative to live cell transplants.

This review suggests that extracellular vesicles and conditioned media might be safe and effective for skin rejuvenation and lightening, but further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.

In a study using an AGA mouse model, researchers observed that a novel topical gel combining hybrid extracellular vesicles, gold nanoparticles, and finasteride accelerated hair regrowth and improved hair quality more effectively than conventional minoxidil treatment, presenting a promising option with fewer side effects.

This study indicates that while EV-based therapies are advancing towards clinical use in regenerative medicine, addressing methodological and regulatory hurdles is essential to fully harness their therapeutic potential.

In this exploratory randomized controlled trial, participants using a combination of Centella asiatica-derived extracellular vesicles with recombinant growth factors showed significant improvements in hair thickness, density, length, and reduced hair loss and scalp sebum content after 56 days, compared to placebo.

Mesenchymal stromal cell therapies show promise for treating various diseases but need more research and standardization.

This review describes adipose tissue-derived therapies as promising for osteoarthritis, with potential to repair cartilage, reduce inflammation, and enhance joint function, highlighting advancements and their potential future applications.

This study highlights the potential of extracellular vesicles derived from HuMSCs and lncRNA VIM-AS1 to enhance wound healing in diabetic conditions, suggesting innovative strategies for tissue repair.

This review discusses the composition, preparation, and applications of autologous platelet and extracellular vesicle-rich plasma, highlighting its potential benefits and the need for further research, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that glycolytic metabolism and lactate production are crucial for hair follicle stem cell activation, and manipulating these processes can stimulate the hair cycle.

This study found various ABC transporters are transcribed in human hair follicles, suggesting their possible role in HF biology and potential for new therapeutic interventions.

This study found that in wound-induced hair neogenesis, African spiny mice and laboratory mice exhibit different morphogenetic field formation patterns related to tissue stiffness, suggesting evolutionary developmental biology advantages.

This study found that laboratory and African spiny mice have distinct spatiotemporal patterns in wound-induced hair neogenesis, with the Twist1 pathway playing a central role in epidermal-dermal interactions for hair primordia formation.

This study found that skin bacteria promote regeneration in wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis, suggesting a role for IL-1β signaling and challenging the belief that infection inhibits healing.

This study found significant differences in alopecia rates among rhesus macaques based on their previous housing facilities, suggesting that factors beyond current environment may influence alopecia.

In this study, researchers used embryonic chicken skin as a model to show that perturbing calcium signaling can induce feather bud formation in areas that typically do not form them, highlighting developmental bioelectricity as a crucial yet underexplored layer in tissue patterning.

This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Bio-Pulsed avian mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles when applied topically, finding significant improvements in hair growth, skin rejuvenation, and regenerative microRNA presence among 60 human participants without adverse events.

This narrative review found that while exosome-based therapies hold regenerative potential for skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and hair restoration, significant challenges, including variability in manufacturing and lack of regulatory approval, necessitate careful integration into dermatology practice, emphasizing the importance of patient safety and regulatory understanding.

The researchers reported that targeting glycoprotein 130's signaling site in animal models promoted tissue regeneration and reduced osteoarthritis progression through anti-inflammatory and protective effects.

In this literature review, exosomes show promise in cosmetic dermatology for skin rejuvenation and hair restoration; however, challenges like inconsistent isolation methods and lack of FDA approval necessitate further clinical trials to ensure long-term safety and efficacy.