September 2025 in “medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that applying a topical scalp essence with Centella asiatica extracellular vesicles and growth factors significantly improved scalp health and hair growth compared to a placebo after 56 days.
106 citations
,
August 2021 in “Pharmaceuticals” This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in wound healing and explores their potential applications in skin repair and treatment of dermal diseases, reporting no new clinical findings.
90 citations
,
July 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study found that adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles reduced wrinkles and promoted cell proliferation in UVB-induced photoaging in mice by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
51 citations
,
April 2020 in “Cells” This study found that macrophage extracellular vesicles enriched with Wnt proteins significantly promoted hair follicle growth in mice and increased hair shaft size in human hair follicles, suggesting potential clinical use for treating hair loss.
22 citations
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April 2022 in “Stem cell research & therapy” This study found that extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle mesenchymal stromal cells demonstrated similar potential to those from adipose tissue in promoting cell proliferation and migration, enhancing angiogenesis, and protecting cells under stress, suggesting promise for chronic wound treatment.
12 citations
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January 2022 in “Cells” This study found that early passage dermal papilla cell-derived extracellular vesicles, combined with specialized medium, helped adipose-derived stem cells develop dermal papilla-like properties.
8 citations
,
January 2025 in “Cell Transplantation” This review discusses the advances and challenges of using mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in therapeutic applications and reports no new clinical findings.
6 citations
,
July 2022 in “World journal of stem cells” This study found that human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote the proliferation and migration of hair follicle cells and increase hair shaft elongation in cultured human hair follicles.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study found that small extracellular vesicles derived from human adipose tissue could promote soft tissue regeneration and increase M2 macrophage polarization, suggesting a promising cell-free approach to tissue repair.
1 citations
,
August 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review compiles evidence from 20 relevant studies and suggests that platelet-rich plasma-derived extracellular vesicles represent a promising therapeutic option in regenerative medicine, although the authors emphasize the need for standardized protocols due to inconsistencies across studies.
May 2026 in “Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology” Lemon-derived vesicles may help hair grow.
21 citations
,
March 2025 in “Journal of Extracellular Vesicles” This review discusses how using hydrogels as a three-dimensional culture platform for mesenchymal stem cells might affect the production of extracellular vesicles, highlighting challenges in standardization and opportunities to boost EV yield via combined hydrogels and bioreactor methods.
88 citations
,
May 2024 in “Journal of Extracellular Vesicles” This scoping review found that while some small human pilot trials of extracellular vesicles as therapeutics showed promising outcomes, variability in study design and lack of placebo controls limit definitive conclusions about their safety and efficacy.
51 citations
,
January 2024 in “Burns & Trauma” This review summarizes the therapeutic potential and development of engineered extracellular vesicles for tissue repair and regenerative medicine, reporting no new clinical findings.
37 citations
,
June 2019 in “Stem cells” This study found that extracellular vesicles from stimulated human dermal fibroblasts enhanced hair follicle growth ex vivo by activating dermal papilla cells and involving the Norrin and β-catenin pathways.
29 citations
,
December 2022 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” In this study, IFN-γ-stimulated iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles improved atopic dermatitis in mice by reducing Th2 cytokine activity, suppressing inflammation, and restoring skin barrier function, as evidenced by decreased itching and inflammatory markers.
10 citations
,
September 2021 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” This review explores the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles in treating various skin conditions but reports no new clinical study results.
9 citations
,
May 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review discusses how extracellular vesicles play a dual role in age-related diseases by contributing to both disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies through the transfer of specific molecules.
8 citations
,
June 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses the potential of extracellular vesicles for facial aesthetic applications, including scar reduction and skin rejuvenation, but reports no new clinical results; further research into production and mechanisms is needed.
7 citations
,
May 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review compiles EV proteomics data and reports that while MSC-derived EVs show promise in skin therapeutics, variability in protein cargo highlights the need for standardized methodologies in understanding process impacts.
7 citations
,
December 2022 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents for wound healing and highlights the need for further research into their clinical applications.
4 citations
,
August 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review explores how mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles may treat various skin diseases by modulating immune responses and promoting healing, though further clinical trials are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy in practice.
3 citations
,
September 2025 in “Cosmetics” This review examines the potential and challenges of extracellular vesicles in cosmetics, noting their transformative impact despite regulatory and production hurdles; it reports no new experimental results.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” This review discusses the roles of extracellular vesicles in skin health and disease and reports no clinical results; the authors highlight potential therapeutic uses and call for more research.
2 citations
,
October 2022 in “Journal of Biomedical Science” This review discusses the potential of secretome derived from stem cells for treating alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results; the authors suggest the need for further human trials.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “Journal of nanobiotechnology” This review explores how combining extracellular vesicles with hydrogels and utilizing 3D bioprinting technologies creates innovative composite systems for wound healing, offering advanced mechanical and biological support, while addressing challenges like degradation and regulatory issues in clinical applications.
August 2026 in “Pharmaceutics” In this study, researchers developed a dexpanthenol-infused nanotechnological platform within hyaluronic acid hydrogels that promoted wound healing in mice by providing a protective barrier and significantly enhancing skin regeneration, including increased fibroblast activity and tissue remodeling.
June 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses the potential benefits and challenges of using extracellular vesicles in aesthetic medicine but reports no new clinical results, highlighting the need for rigorous validation and stronger regulatory oversight.
April 2026 in “Molecules” This study suggests that extracellular vesicles derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae may enhance hair follicle-related cellular processes, highlighting their potential for biomedical and cosmetic applications.
February 2026 in “Preprints.org” In this study, extracellular vesicles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated multifunctional bioactivity, enhancing cell proliferation and migration, reducing inflammation, and promoting collagen gene expression in hair follicle–related cells.