67 citations,
April 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A subtle androgen receptor abnormality can allow normal male development and sometimes fertility despite partial androgen resistance.
49 citations,
December 1997 in “Urology” Tamoxifen effectively treats gynecomastia without causing impotence.
30 citations,
March 2001 in “Archives of Dermatology” Finasteride can cause one-sided breast enlargement, which disappears after stopping the drug.
29 citations,
January 2009 in “International Journal of Trichology” Finasteride for hair loss may cause gynecomastia; doctors should inform patients.
15 citations,
June 1995 in “The American Journal of the Medical Sciences” Finasteride caused enlarged breast tissue in a 62-year-old man.
14 citations,
August 1997 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride can cause enlarged breasts.
8 citations,
January 2009 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” Finasteride can cause rare breast growth side effect, with varying recovery after stopping.
3 citations,
September 2019 in “American Journal of Men's Health” Finasteride may not affect gynecomastia recurrence after mastectomy.
3 citations,
October 1995 in “Southern Medical Journal” Finasteride may cause breast enlargement, low testosterone a risk factor.
2 citations,
July 2017 in “Oman medical journal” A man with a rare adrenal cancer showed unusual symptoms and died four months after diagnosis.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A man's breast enlargement from low-dose finasteride for hair loss didn't go away, even with treatment, and might be more common than reported.
March 2020 in “European Journal of Pediatric Dermatology” Isotretinoin can cause gynecomastia by lowering testosterone levels.
26 citations,
April 2002 in “Archives of Dermatology” 
4 citations,
December 2021 in “Archivio italiano di urologia andrologia” Certain drugs, especially antiandrogens and spironolactone, significantly increase the risk of gynecomastia.
2 citations,
January 2003 in “Journal of Clinical Dermatology” 7 citations,
April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” 7 citations,
April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” 
3 citations,
June 2004 in “Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie” Four new cases of gynecomastia (male breast enlargement) linked to finasteride (Propecia) have been found.
228 citations,
February 2003 in “Urology” Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer can cause sexual, physical, and psychological side effects, and doctors should manage these carefully.
174 citations,
July 2003 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Five new mutations in the androgen receptor gene were found, helping to understand androgen insensitivity syndrome better.
90 citations,
May 2019 in “Drugs” Long-term use of azole antifungals can cause hair loss, hormonal imbalances, and severe skin reactions.
81 citations,
June 2014 in “American Journal of Men's Health” Finasteride can cause lasting sexual, emotional, and cognitive issues, with varying severity.
62 citations,
April 2004 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” Finasteride effectively treats male pattern baldness, improving hair growth and density.
45 citations,
November 1979 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Minoxidil causes excessive hair growth in almost all patients.
39 citations,
November 1978 in “Annals of internal medicine” Spironolactone may help reduce excessive hair growth in women with high male hormone levels.
35 citations,
April 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.
33 citations,
January 2016 in “Skin appendage disorders” The document concludes that sexual and psychiatric side effects from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are reported, but more high-quality research is needed to understand how often they occur.
30 citations,
July 2009 in “Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats sexual disorders by reducing sexual functions and is generally well-tolerated.
29 citations,
September 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” Finasteride and dutasteride effectively treat hair loss in men and women, but may cause side effects like low libido and depression.
19 citations,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.