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The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Flutamide works better than finasteride for hirsutism, and combining both is slightly better but not much.

Effective treatments for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy are not yet available; more research is needed.

Over 50% of women over 50 experience hair loss, with minoxidil being the only proven effective treatment.

Combining yoga and certain herbs can effectively manage PCOS symptoms and improve quality of life.

The 2023 guideline advises a detailed approach for PCOS, focusing on early detection, lifestyle and medical treatments, and managing health risks.

Three to five ovarian punctures are best for improving fertility in women with PCOS without harming the ovaries.

Melasma's causes include genetics, sun exposure, hormones, and oxidative stress, and understanding these can help create better treatments.

The spiny mouse is a unique menstruating rodent that can help us understand menstruation and reproductive disorders.

Nitric Oxide has potential in medicine, especially for infections and heart treatments, but its short life and delivery challenges limit its use.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring for associated health risks.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Some Middle Eastern plants may help treat diabetes and could be alternatives to current drugs, but more research is needed.

Melatonin implants can change the seasonal prolactin levels and hair growth in adult cashmere goats but not in juveniles, and don't delay spring moult for better fiber harvesting.

High doses of certain vitamins can cause serious side effects and health risks.

Women with early-onset baldness should be checked for early bone loss, but bone density doesn't change with baldness severity.

Oxidative stress worsens PCOS by damaging cells and disrupting metabolism, suggesting antioxidant treatments might help.

Dutasteride reduces hospitalization and prostate cancer risk compared to finasteride, potentially offsetting its higher cost.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in acne, which can be a symptom of systemic diseases like PCOS and may require targeted treatment.

Alopecia X in dogs is a cosmetic issue, not a hormonal disorder, and harmful treatments should be avoided.

Finasteride affects prostate weights and pituitary activity differently with age.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Existing drug dexamethasone may lower death risk in severe COVID-19 cases; more research needed for other drugs.

Gastric bypass surgery improved a woman's hormonal disorder without the need for medication.

Autism's genetics are linked with early age of puberty and less hair loss, but not with hormone levels or polycystic ovary syndrome.

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome can cause writer's cramp and other varied symptoms, highlighting the importance of genetic testing for diagnosis.

Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.

Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Acne is common in women, often hormone-related, negatively affects quality of life, and requires various treatments.