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Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.

Chlormadinone acetate is a strong, well-tolerated hormone used in birth control and hormone therapy with benefits for menstrual pain and skin conditions.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

The conclusion is that young women with excessive hair growth should be quickly tested for hormonal issues and treated to improve their social well-being.

The length of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene is linked to ovarian reserve but does not affect how the ovaries respond to stimulation.

Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.

Flutamide works better than finasteride for hirsutism, and combining both is slightly better but not much.

Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring for associated health risks.

High doses of certain vitamins can cause serious side effects and health risks.

Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.

Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.

GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.

For women with moderate to severe unwanted hair growth or acne, birth control pills are the first choice, with other medications like cyproterone, spironolactone, flutamide, or finasteride as alternatives, and permanent hair removal should be done with electrolysis or laser.

Transgender treatment includes hormones and surgery, but long-term effects are unknown and counseling is needed.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.

Inclusive and affirming healthcare is essential for improving transgender individuals' quality of life and health.

Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.

Care for gender-dysphoric Veterans can be improved with a consistent, team-based approach.

Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.

Treating excessive hair in women requires a holistic approach, including medical, aesthetic, and emotional support.

Women with PCOS-related infertility can often conceive with treatments like clomiphene and metformin, but managing pregnancy complications is important.

Metformin is effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with PCOS and may work better than the standard treatment in some ways.

The conclusion is that the best initial treatment for hirsutism is usually oral contraceptives, with the addition of antiandrogens or insulin sensitizers if needed, and topical eflornithine or laser treatments as supplementary options.

New treatments for PCOS show promise, but no current medication treats all aspects of the condition.

A combined drug and laser treatment improved hirsutism in a PCOS patient, also enhancing her heart health and requiring regular liver and kidney checks.

Finasteride effectively and safely treats recurrent priapism in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease.

A 20-year-old woman was found to have a rare ovarian tumor causing symptoms like acne and a low-pitched voice, which disappeared after the tumor was removed.