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Finasteride, when taken daily, lowers dihydrotestosterone levels but doesn't noticeably affect adrenal steroid production, except by blocking the 5 alpha-reductase enzyme.

Leydig cells can cause testosterone-secreting adrenal tumors in women.

Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.

Genetic analysis of rabbits identified key genes for traits like coat color, body size, and fertility.

Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.

Androgens can help prevent memory problems caused by apoE4.

Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.

Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms and reducing long-term metabolic risks, with lifestyle changes being important.

Myotonic dystrophy should be considered in patients with hair thinning, and genetic counseling is important.

Metformin is effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with PCOS and may work better than the standard treatment in some ways.

The combination of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is highly effective in preventing sperm production and could be a good reversible male contraceptive.

The document says that understanding the causes of PCOS is important for treatment, especially in distinguishing the syndrome from just having cystic ovaries, and that losing weight is key for obese women with PCOS.

Finasteride affects prostate weights and pituitary activity differently with age.

Finasteride reduces alcohol withdrawal severity and anxiety in mice, but may increase withdrawal severity in some cases.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is crucial for conditions like male-pattern baldness and acne, and measuring a byproduct, androstanediol glucuronide, is a better way to assess DHT's effects than DHT blood levels.

Environmental factors and exposure to toxins may contribute to male infertility by affecting sperm and hormone function.

Women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia may have a higher risk of fertility issues and miscarriages, and should get genetic counseling.

PCOS may have evolved as an advantage in past environments with food scarcity.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.

Tributyltin exposure causes sex changes, sterilization, and decline in the snail Ocinebrina aciculata, risking its extinction.

Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.

Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

Male pattern baldness is mostly inherited, involves many genes, and is linked to other traits like early puberty and strong bones.

Women with PCOS have similar levels of certain proteins compared to women without PCOS, and these proteins don't independently cause PCOS.

The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.

Rutin may help treat symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats.