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Transgender treatment includes hormones and surgery, but long-term effects are unknown and counseling is needed.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

Women with regular menstrual cycles and PCOS have linked kisspeptin and LH hormone patterns, unlike those with irregular cycles.

The French Endocrine Society suggests diagnosing PCOS with two of three signs, recommends lifestyle changes and clomiphene for treatment, and calls for more research on certain treatments and tests.

Some medicines can reduce excessive hair growth in women, but more research is needed to compare treatments and consider side effects.

Most patients improved with oral contraceptives, but some needed additional treatment.

Male hormones and their interactions are crucial for male sexual development and characteristics.

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, may contribute to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) by altering the female brain's structure and function, with kisspeptin neurons and GABA neurotransmitters also playing a role.

Dihydrotestosterone changes some hormone-related gene expressions in rat pituitary glands but doesn't affect the estrous cycle.

Acupuncture may improve reproductive and metabolic functions in PCOS without negative side effects, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

The research identified and described a gene important for hormone conversion in endangered catfish, which varies in activity during different reproductive stages and after hormone treatment.

A 23-year-old woman's missed periods were caused by a rare genetic disorder treated with hormone patches.

The study found that imaging might miss small ovarian tumors causing high testosterone, and suggested using certain testosterone levels and treatment responses to identify these tumors.

The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.

A postmenopausal woman's increased male hormone levels were successfully treated with surgery.

Recurrent vaginal bleeding in young girls without puberty signs may require a genital exam to find hidden causes.

Some medications can reduce excessive hair growth in women, but more research is needed to find the best treatment combinations.

Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.

Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.

A pineal tumor caused a boy's early puberty, which changed from peripheral to central after treatment.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 10% of women, is often linked to obesity and family history, and can cause irregular periods, fertility issues, and other symptoms. It's usually managed with lifestyle changes, weight loss, and medication.

Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.

The document covers various male health issues, their causes, treatments, and related conditions.

The document concludes that more research is needed to include new treatments in guidelines for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.

In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.

Certain maturity signs appear before and after the first release of sperm in boys.

Early detection and treatment of PCOS in teenagers is important to manage symptoms and prevent severe issues.

Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.