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The document suggests that clinical trials for PCOS should focus on meaningful primary outcomes like live birth rates, rather than less reliable surrogate markers.

More PDCD4 is linked to obesity, insulin problems, and cell death in ovaries for those with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Finasteride reduces hair growth and is safe for women with excessive hair.

Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder causing hormone imbalances, affecting fertility and requiring personalized treatment.

With careful management, people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia can have successful pregnancies and become parents.

Women with PCOS have higher levels of AMH in their blood and follicles, and this can help predict their risk of overreaction to fertility treatments.

Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.

Insulin resistance is linked to high male hormone levels in women, often seen in those with PCOS.

Finasteride improves hair growth and reduces hirsutism in women, but side effects and optimal dosages need further research.

New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.

Larger ovarian size is linked to higher insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Losing 5-10% body weight can improve PCOS symptoms, letrozole is better than clomiphene for fertility, and managing weight and blood sugar is important to reduce pregnancy complications.

Surgery to lower high testosterone in postmenopausal women with certain ovarian tumors doesn't significantly affect their metabolism.

Diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women is complex and requires accurate testing methods and consideration of SHBG levels.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

The conclusion is that young women with excessive hair growth should be quickly tested for hormonal issues and treated to improve their social well-being.

A postmenopausal woman's hair loss and excess hair growth improved after surgery for ovarian hyperthecosis.

A combination of nanomilled oral testosterone and dutasteride normalized testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and is safe for short-term use.

Diagnosing PCOS in teenage girls is tricky and requires careful evaluation and management.

HSD3B1 gene variant and being overweight linked to hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

A 63-year-old woman's male-like symptoms were caused by a rare testosterone-producing ovarian tumor, treated by removing her ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is crucial for conditions like male-pattern baldness and acne, and measuring a byproduct, androstanediol glucuronide, is a better way to assess DHT's effects than DHT blood levels.

Deslorelin implants successfully treated hair loss in two male Keeshonden dogs.

Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women that can lead to various health issues and requires comprehensive management.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Metformin helps reduce PCOS-related infertility by improving insulin sensitivity and inducing ovulation.

An unusual growth of Leydig cells in a woman's ovaries caused her excessive hair growth, which was treated successfully with surgery.

The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Women with PCOS have a similar chance of getting pregnant using assisted reproductive treatment as those without PCOS.