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Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.

Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.

With careful management, people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia can have successful pregnancies and become parents.

Hormonal therapies are safe and effective for treating acne in female adolescents, with specific treatments for those with endocrine disorders.

Environmental factors and exposure to toxins may contribute to male infertility by affecting sperm and hormone function.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Cushing's syndrome can cause serious health problems, and early treatment is crucial, but some issues may remain after treatment.

Melatonin may help with sleep issues, depression, and cancer, but more research is needed.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.

SHBG binding properties are unchanged in male liver cirrhosis patients.

The document suggests various treatments for PCOS, including medication for menstrual issues, insulin resistance, and excess hair, as well as fertility treatments, while highlighting the need for personalized care and lifestyle changes.

Urologic diseases and treatments in older men can negatively affect fertility, and doctors should talk to patients about this.

Ficus carica extract improved fertility in rats and may help with certain health conditions.

Androgen receptors in the mouse brain may explain cognitive and mood changes in prostate cancer treatment.

PCOS increases sexual pain distress in infertile women.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone is important for fertility.

The conclusion is that the best initial treatment for hirsutism is usually oral contraceptives, with the addition of antiandrogens or insulin sensitizers if needed, and topical eflornithine or laser treatments as supplementary options.

Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.

Alternative treatments show promise for hair growth beyond traditional methods.

Melatonin receptors, found in many body parts, can help treat various diseases like depression and diabetes due to their effects on inflammation, tumor progression, sleep disorders, and body mass regulation.

Androgens and androgen receptors are important for metabolic health, affecting how the body uses glucose and fats through mitochondrial function.

New treatments are needed for PCOS that target its genetic, hormonal, and metabolic causes.

Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.

Different treatments for PCOS focus on the specific symptoms, with weight loss and lifestyle changes being important.

Oxidative stress is higher in women with PCOS, especially if they're obese, and it may increase their risk of heart disease.

Dermatologists are essential in helping transgender and gender diverse patients with skin and hair issues related to gender affirmation and hormone therapy.

Understanding genes and hormones is crucial for managing male puberty and sex development disorders.